{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:22:19Z","timestamp":1776097339901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Senior Research Fellowship","award":["ISRM\/11(03)\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISRM\/11(03)\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by solitary parathyroid adenomas (PTAs) in most cases (\u205385%), and it has been previously reported that PTAs are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type-2 diabetes (T2D). To understand the molecular basis of PTAs, we have investigated the genetic association amongst PTAs, CVD and T2D through an integrative network-based approach and observed a remarkable resemblance. The current study proposed to compare the PTAs-associated proteins with the overlapping proteins of CVD and T2D to determine the disease relationship. We constructed the protein\u2013protein interaction network by integrating curated and experimentally validated interactions in humans. We found the $11$ highly clustered modules in the network, which contain a total of $13$ hub proteins (TP53, ESR1, EGFR, POTEF, MEN1, FLNA, CDKN2B, ACTB, CTNNB1, CAV1, MAPK1, G6PD and CCND1) that commonly co-exist in PTAs, CDV and T2D and reached to network\u2019s hierarchically modular organization. Additionally, we implemented a gene-set over-representation analysis over biological processes and pathways that helped to identify disease-associated pathways and prioritize target disease proteins. Moreover, we identified the respective drugs of these hub proteins. We built a bipartite network that helps decipher the drug\u2013target interaction, highlighting the influential roles of these drugs on apparently unrelated targets and pathways. Targeting these hub proteins by using drug combinations or drug-repurposing approaches will improve the clinical conditions in comorbidity, enhance the potency of a few drugs and give a synergistic effect with better outcomes. This network-based analysis opens a new horizon for more personalized treatment and drug-repurposing opportunities to investigate new targets and multi-drug treatment and may be helpful in further analysis of the mechanisms underlying PTA and associated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elac054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T15:47:33Z","timestamp":1676476053000},"page":"250-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Network-medicine approach for the identification of genetic association of parathyroid adenoma with cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0501-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhat","family":"Imam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science and Information Technology , Department of Mathematics, , Bodh Gaya, Bihar India"},{"name":"Magadh University , Department of Mathematics, , Bodh Gaya, Bihar India"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6989-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aftab","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-076X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Faizan","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Faculty, Osh State University , Osh City, 723500, Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhtar","family":"Veg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadik","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER) , Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), ; Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Istanbul Medipol University , Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), ; Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Jawed Ikbal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science and Information Technology , Department of Mathematics, , Bodh Gaya, Bihar India"},{"name":"Magadh University , Department of Mathematics, , Bodh Gaya, Bihar India"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics , Mirza Ghalib College, , Bodh Gaya, Bihar India"},{"name":"Magadh University , Mirza Ghalib College, , Bodh Gaya, Bihar India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9744-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romana","family":"Ishrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051819595009500_ref1","article-title":"Stones, bones, groans, and psychic moans: primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as surgical emergency","volume":"11","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2023051819595009500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4905","article-title":"Surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid tumor: a 15-year experience","volume":"12","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol 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