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Therefore, the identification of associated PTMs is the foundation of in-depth research on related biological mechanisms, disease treatments and drug design. Due to the high cost and time consumption of high-throughput sequencing techniques, developing machine learning-based predictors has been considered an effective approach to rapidly recognize potential modified sites. However, the imbalanced distribution of true and false PTM sites, namely, the data imbalance problem, largely effects the reliability and application of prediction tools. In this article, we conduct a systematic survey of the research progress in the imbalanced PTMs classification. First, we describe the modeling process in detail and outline useful data imbalance solutions. Then, we summarize the recently proposed bioinformatics tools based on imbalanced PTM data and simultaneously build a convenient website, ImClassi_PTMs (available at lab.malab.cn\/\u223cdlj\/ImbClassi_PTMs\/), to facilitate the researchers to view. Moreover, we analyze the challenges of current computational predictors and propose some suggestions to improve the efficiency of imbalance learning. We hope that this work will provide comprehensive knowledge of imbalanced PTM recognition and contribute to advanced predictors in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T17:44:21Z","timestamp":1614275061000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A comprehensive review of the imbalance classification of protein post-translational modifications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and the Shenzhen Polytechnic, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenglong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and the Shenzhen Polytechnic, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090817424896200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050718-100211","article-title":"The scope, functions, and dynamics of posttranslational protein modifications","volume":"70","author":"Millar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant 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