{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:19:39Z","timestamp":1790266779934,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bioinformatics has revolutionized biology and medicine by using computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data. Quantum mechanics has recently emerged as a promising tool for the analysis of biological systems, leading to the development of quantum bioinformatics. This new field employs the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum algorithms, and quantum computing to solve complex problems in molecular biology, drug design, and protein folding. However, the intersection of bioinformatics, biology, and quantum mechanics presents unique challenges. One significant challenge is the possibility of confusion among scientists between quantum bioinformatics and quantum biology, which have similar goals and concepts. Additionally, the diverse calculations in each field make it difficult to establish boundaries and identify purely quantum effects from other factors that may affect biological processes. This review provides an overview of the concepts of quantum biology and quantum mechanics and their intersection in quantum bioinformatics. We examine the challenges and unique features of this field and propose a classification of quantum bioinformatics to promote interdisciplinary collaboration and accelerate progress. By unlocking the full potential of quantum bioinformatics, this review aims to contribute to our understanding of quantum mechanics in biological systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T08:49:15Z","timestamp":1707900555000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["New classifications for quantum bioinformatics: Q-bioinformatics, QCt-bioinformatics, QCg-bioinformatics, and QCr-bioinformatics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0927-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics , Kish International Campus, , Kish Island , Iran"},{"name":"University of Tehran , Kish International Campus, , Kish Island , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samane","family":"Khoshbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics , Kish International Campus, , Kish Island , Iran"},{"name":"University of Tehran , Kish International Campus, , Kish Island , Iran"},{"name":"Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine-Cardiology , Durham, NC, 27701 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kobra","family":"Ziyaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries , Faculty of Natural Resources, , Karaj , Iran"},{"name":"University of Tehran , Faculty of Natural Resources, , Karaj , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Esmaeil","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayyed Sajjad","family":"Moravveji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics , Kish International Campus, , Kish Island , Iran"},{"name":"University of Tehran , Kish International Campus, , Kish Island , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041115555638200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0217-y","article-title":"Ensemble deep learning in bioinformatics","volume":"2","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2024041115555638200_ref2","author":"Brusic"},{"key":"2024041115555638200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062903","article-title":"Incorporating machine learning into established bioinformatics frameworks","volume":"22","author":"Auslander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024041115555638200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180640","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2018.0640","article-title":"The future of quantum biology","volume":"15","author":"Marais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface"},{"key":"2024041115555638200_ref5","volume-title":"Quantum Bio-Informatics: From Quantum Information to Bio-Informatics. 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