{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:55:13Z","timestamp":1777877713414,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Non-communicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2024ZD0529900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0529900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82161138020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82161138020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) involves complex metabolic\u2013immune dysregulation, but the molecular links remain unclear. This study integrates a multilevel analytical framework to systematically investigate the metabolic\u2013immune crosstalk in AD. Using linkage disequilibrium score regression and a two-step Mendelian randomization approach, we established genetic correlations and inferred causal relationships between plasma metabolites and inflammatory proteins, identifying 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (PA-GPC) as a protective metabolite that exerts its effect primarily through downregulation of interleukin-18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1). Integration of single-cell transcriptomic data further revealed elevated IL-18R1 expression in T cells within the AD microenvironment and enabled stratification of T cells based on PA-GPC\u2013associated metabolic activity, identifying 33 differentially expressed genes. Subsequent least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, combined with machine learning models and SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis, consistently prioritized CD9 as a key regulator. Functional validation showed that PA-GPC attenuates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1)\/interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3)\u2013induced inflammatory responses in human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and suppresses Th2 cytokine production in T cells. IL-18R1 knockdown reduced CD9 expression and Th2 cytokine production in T cells, whereas CD9 knockdown did not affect IL-18R1 expression, indicating that IL-18R1 acts upstream of CD9. Moreover, CD9 knockdown impaired T-cell viability, activation, and Th2 cytokine production. Collectively, these findings characterize metabolic\u2013immune crosstalk in AD and identify a PA-GPC\u2013IL-18R1\u2013CD9 regulatory axis with potential therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbag187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:44:50Z","timestamp":1775043890000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A causal glycerophospholipid\u2013IL-18R1\u2013CD9 axis connects lipid metabolism and T-cell activation in atopic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5897-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping-An","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2088-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie-Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8067-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Run-Dong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5195-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Nan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9031-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren-Ke","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5132-9197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei-Hua","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3999-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan-Yu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan-Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5122-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , 151 Yanjiangxi Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31286-1","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"396","author":"Langan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0281-6","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Kapur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361005","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1361005","article-title":"Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches","volume":"15","author":"Afshari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.08.005","article-title":"Dupilumab reduces inflammatory biomarkers in pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"155","author":"Beck","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immun"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19580","article-title":"The global burden of atopic dermatitis: lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2017","volume":"184","author":"Laughter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.3390\/children8111057","article-title":"Skin disease in children: effects on quality of life, stigmatization, bullying, and suicide risk in pediatric acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis patients","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16183","article-title":"Integrating multi-omics approaches in deciphering atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and future therapeutic directions","volume":"79","author":"Nakajima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.04.001","article-title":"Epidermal lipids: key mediators of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2021.1940962","article-title":"The IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 pathways in atopic dermatitis","volume":"17","author":"Dubin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2022.100131","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation contributes to skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis","volume":"2","author":"Beck","year":"2022","journal-title":"JID Innov"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.013","article-title":"Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is TH2 but also TH17 polarized in skin","volume":"138","author":"Esaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.07.028","article-title":"Baseline IL-22 expression in patients with atopic dermatitis stratifies tissue responses to fezakinumab","volume":"143","author":"Brunner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8437","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158437","article-title":"A narrative review of the IL-18 and IL-37 implications in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: prospective treatment targets","volume":"25","author":"Rusi\u00f1ol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367602","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1367602","article-title":"Screening mitochondria-related biomarkers in skin and plasma of atopic dermatitis patients by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186755","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186755","article-title":"Low expression of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor in human skeletal muscle is associated with systemic and intramuscular lipid metabolism\u2014role of HIV lipodystrophy","volume":"13","author":"Lindegaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11600","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.003180","article-title":"Choline transport links macrophage phospholipid metabolism and inflammation","volume":"293","author":"Snider","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010098","article-title":"Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data","volume":"27","author":"Sekula","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34408","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408","article-title":"The MR-base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome","volume":"7","author":"Hemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR Statement","volume":"326","author":"Skrivankova","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","article-title":"FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population","volume":"613","author":"Kurki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01588-w","article-title":"Genetics of circulating inflammatory proteins identifies drivers of immune-mediated disease risk and therapeutic targets","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01270-1","article-title":"Genomic atlas of the plasma metabolome prioritizes metabolites implicated in human diseases","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.07.025","article-title":"Single-cell analysis reveals innate lymphoid cell lineage infidelity in atopic dermatitis","volume":"149","author":"Alkon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.02.001","article-title":"Blood transcriptome profiling identifies 2 candidate endotypes of atopic dermatitis","volume":"150","author":"M\u00f6bus","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2024.04.002","article-title":"Senescent fibroblasts and innate immune cell activation might play a role in the pathogenesis of elderly atopic dermatitis","volume":"114","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.11.047","article-title":"Progression of acute-to-chronic atopic dermatitis is associated with quantitative rather than qualitative changes in cytokine responses","volume":"145","author":"Tsoi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.10.004","article-title":"Assessment of spatial and temporal variation in the skin transcriptome of atopic dermatitis by use of 1.5 mm minipunch biopsies","volume":"143","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw613","article-title":"LD hub: a centralized database and web interface to perform LD score regression that maximizes the potential of summary level GWAS data for SNP heritability and genetic correlation analysis","volume":"33","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102479","article-title":"Plasma proteins, circulating metabolites mediate causal inference studies on the effect of gut bacteria on the risk of osteoporosis development","volume":"101","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211","article-title":"LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2025.101038","article-title":"Mediators of the association between allergic diseases and bronchiectasis: a bi-directional univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144729","article-title":"Causal relationship between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins and gynecological diseases: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"316","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx034","article-title":"MendelianRandomization: an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data","volume":"46","author":"Yavorska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01974-6","article-title":"Causal associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.09.005","article-title":"Cochran's Q test was useful to assess heterogeneity in likelihood ratios in studies of diagnostic accuracy","volume":"68","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W398","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae253","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 6.0: towards a unified platform for metabolomics data processing, analysis and interpretation","volume":"52","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004383","article-title":"Bayesian test for colocalisation between pairs of genetic association studies using summary statistics","volume":"10","author":"Giambartolomei","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0404-0","article-title":"Abundant associations with gene expression complicate GWAS follow-up","volume":"51","author":"Liu","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","article-title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","volume":"184","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","article-title":"Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with harmony","volume":"16","author":"Korsunsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0276-y","article-title":"Reference-based analysis of lung single-cell sequencing reveals a transitional profibrotic macrophage","volume":"20","author":"Aran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","article-title":"Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687975","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.687975","article-title":"IOBR: multi-omics immuno-oncology biological research to decode tumor microenvironment and signatures","volume":"12","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref48","volume-title":"CatBoost: Gradient Boosting with Categorical Features Support","author":"Dorogush","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref50","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Duan"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103470","article-title":"Machine learning and SHAP value interpretation for predicting comorbidity of cardiovascular disease and cancer with dietary antioxidants","volume":"79","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W234","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz240","article-title":"NetworkAnalyst 3.0: a visual analytics platform for comprehensive gene expression profiling and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2022.100434","article-title":"scTenifoldKnk: an efficient virtual knockout tool for gene function predictions via single-cell gene regulatory network perturbation","volume":"3","author":"Osorio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Patterns (N Y)"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04211-0","article-title":"Niclosamide targets the dynamic progression of macrophages for the resolution of endometriosis in a mouse model","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700264-JLR200","article-title":"Protein targets of oxidized phospholipids in endothelial cells","volume":"49","author":"Gugiu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13121705","article-title":"Phosphoinositide signaling in immune cell migration","volume":"13","author":"Kakar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97944","article-title":"Phospholipid signaling in innate immune cells","volume":"128","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2282790","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2282790","article-title":"Multi-omics data reveals aberrant gut microbiota-host glycerophospholipid metabolism in association with neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"15","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111461","article-title":"Plasmalogens in innate immune cells: from arachidonate signaling to ferroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Balsinde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2021.100092","article-title":"Altered serum phospholipids in atopic dermatitis and association with clinical status","volume":"2","author":"Sakai","year":"2022","journal-title":"JID Innov"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12234","article-title":"Increased efficacy of omalizumab in atopic dermatitis patients with wild-type filaggrin status and higher serum levels of phosphatidylcholines","volume":"69","author":"Hotze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002536","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1002536","article-title":"Integrated metabolomics and lipidomics study of patients with atopic dermatitis in response to dupilumab","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0467-3","article-title":"Association of interleukin-18 and asthma","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxae022","article-title":"Allergens induce upregulated IL-18 and IL-18R\u03b1 expression in blood Th2 and Th17 cells of patients with allergic asthma","volume":"217","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.10.027","article-title":"IL-9 sensitizes human TH2 cells to proinflammatory IL-18 signals in atopic dermatitis","volume":"155","author":"Sch\u00e4rli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12285","article-title":"Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as a drug target in asthma and rhinitis","volume":"19","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13954","article-title":"Interleukin-13: targeting an underestimated cytokine in atopic dermatitis","volume":"75","author":"Bieber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.04.009","article-title":"Biologic and small-molecule therapy for treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: mechanistic considerations","volume":"154","author":"Rothenberg-Lausell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2021.10.006","article-title":"Pathological functions of granzyme B in inflammatory skin diseases","volume":"104","author":"Hiroyasu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213283","article-title":"A peptide binding to the tetraspanin CD9 reduces cancer metastasis","volume":"146","author":"Suwatthanarak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00863","article-title":"Tetraspanin CD9: a key regulator of cell adhesion in the immune system","volume":"9","author":"Reyes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.05.018","article-title":"Different states of integrin LFA-1 aggregation are controlled through its association with tetraspanin CD9","volume":"1853","author":"Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344235","article-title":"Tetraspanins CD9 and CD151 at the immune synapse support T-cell integrin signaling","volume":"44","author":"Rocha-Perugini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.174","article-title":"Coligation of the hepatitis C virus receptor CD81 with CD28 primes naive T lymphocytes to acquire type 2 effector function","volume":"181","author":"Serra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20110745","article-title":"The emerging role of tetraspanin microdomains on endothelial cells","volume":"39","author":"Bailey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2026043018592874700_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3606","article-title":"Endothelial tetraspanin microdomains regulate leukocyte firm adhesion during extravasation","volume":"105","author":"Barreiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Briefings in Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bib\/article-pdf\/27\/2\/bbag187\/68198341\/bbag187.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bib\/article-pdf\/27\/2\/bbag187\/68198341\/bbag187.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:59:39Z","timestamp":1777589979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bib\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/bib\/bbag187\/8666086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbag187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-4054","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"article-number":"bbag187"}}