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However, challenges such as low spatial resolution and high feature dimensionality complicate data integration and biological interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address these issues, we propose SpaMFG, an innovative feature-group-level framework for interpretable spatial multi-omics integration. SpaMFG leverages spatial location information and introduces a spatial proximity weighting method to improve feature grouping accuracy. Additionally, it employs a new cross-omics feature group matching method that combines spatial location and Jaccard similarity to construct a weighted cost matrix, which is optimized using the Hungarian algorithm. This approach enhances the biological interpretability of cross-omics feature relationships. We evaluated SpaMFG\u2019s performance through comparative analysis on the human lymph node dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness. Further applications on human tonsils, mouse spleens, and mouse thymus datasets confirmed the robustness of SpaMFG in various biological contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The source code for SpaMFG is available at https:\/\/github.com\/LiangYu-Xidian\/SpaMFG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btag457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:16:11Z","timestamp":1782861371000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SpaMFG: a spatial multi-omics integration method based on feature grouping"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Zilin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Litian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingtao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710032,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University School of Management, , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 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