{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:44:47Z","timestamp":1787913887387,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NexTGen"},{"name":"Cancer Grand Challenges partnership funded by Cancer Research UK","award":["CGCATF-2021\/100014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGCATF-2021\/100014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA278730-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA278730-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014599","name":"The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiplexed spatial proteomics and spatial transcriptomics generate large, high-dimensional imaging datasets that are challenging to visualize efficiently, particularly at whole-slide and cohort scale. Visualization is an essential step for rapid detection of staining artefacts, such as protein aggregates or non-specific staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we present Odon, a native Rust desktop viewer designed for rapid, interactive exploration of multiplex imaging data on a standard laptop. Odon is primarily built around the OME-Zarr imaging format, and supports annotations via GeoJSON and GeoParquet, with secondary support for SpatialData, Xenium containers, and TIFF. Data can be stored locally or streamed directly from HTTP or S3-compatible object storage using viewport-driven tile loading. Odon incorporates a highly optimized rendering engine designed for viewport-driven tile loading and GPU-based compositing. In scripted benchmarks using synthetic multiplex OME-Zarr datasets, Odon showed lower peak memory use, lower affine-derived zoom-step error, and faster warm-start image loading than napari and QuPath under the tested conditions. Its GPU-based compositing pipeline also enables smooth rendering and interaction with &amp;gt;1\u2009000\u2009000 segmented cells. Odon further supports integrated visual analytics, including live thresholding and cell selection, and a mosaic mode for simultaneous viewing of hundreds of regions of interest in cohort and tissue microarray studies. Together, these features establish Odon as a high-performance platform for scalable visualization of spatial proteomics data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Source code and compiled installers are available at https:\/\/github.com\/alexcoulton\/odon<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btag514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1783684510000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Odon: an ultra-fast viewer for spatial proteomics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Coulton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute , London WC1E 6DD,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"McGranahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute , London WC1E 6DD,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","article-title":"QuPath: open source software for digital pathology image analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bankhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927622006328","article-title":"Napari: a python multi-dimensional image viewer platform for the research community","volume":"28","author":"Chiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsc Microanal"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.010","article-title":"Deep profiling of mouse splenic architecture with CODEX multiplexed imaging","volume":"174","author":"Goltsev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05841-4","article-title":"MACSima imaging cyclic staining (MICS) technology reveals combinatorial target pairs for CAR T cell treatment of solid tumors","volume":"12","author":"Kinkhabwala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01326-w","article-title":"OME-NGFF: a next-generation file format for expanding bioimaging data-access strategies","volume":"18","author":"Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","DOI":"10.1145\/3136014.3136031"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.44.3.641","article-title":"Electrophysiology of the insect dorsal ocellus. III. Responses to flickering light of the dragonfly ocellus","volume":"44","author":"Ruck","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-03123-z","article-title":"Spatial proteomic profiling elucidates immune determinants of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026072314112709300_btag514-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54438-0","article-title":"Multimodal single cell-resolved spatial proteomics reveal pancreatic tumor heterogeneity","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btag514\/68760291\/btag514.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/42\/7\/btag514\/68760291\/btag514.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/42\/7\/btag514\/68760291\/btag514.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:11:31Z","timestamp":1784830291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btag514\/8732672"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btag514","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-4803","type":"print"},{"value":"1367-4811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"btag514"}}