{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T04:23:55Z","timestamp":1793247835018,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HG010040-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HG010040-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent advances in sequencing technologies promise ultra-long reads of \u223c100 kb in average, full-length mRNA or cDNA reads in high throughput and genomic contigs over 100 Mb in length. Existing alignment programs are unable or inefficient to process such data at scale, which presses for the development of new alignment algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minimap2 is a general-purpose alignment program to map DNA or long mRNA sequences against a large reference database. It works with accurate short reads of \u2265100\u2009bp in length, \u22651\u2009kb genomic reads at error rate \u223c15%, full-length noisy Direct RNA or cDNA reads and assembly contigs or closely related full chromosomes of hundreds of megabases in length. Minimap2 does split-read alignment, employs concave gap cost for long insertions and deletions and introduces new heuristics to reduce spurious alignments. It is 3\u20134 times as fast as mainstream short-read mappers at comparable accuracy, and is \u226530 times faster than long-read genomic or cDNA mappers at higher accuracy, surpassing most aligners specialized in one type of alignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>https:\/\/github.com\/lh3\/minimap2<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T15:11:30Z","timestamp":1525446690000},"page":"3094-3100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16636,"title":["Minimap2: pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012704175975700_bty191-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jda.2004.08.011","article-title":"Chaining algorithms for multiple genome comparison","volume":"3","author":"Abouelhoda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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