{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:47:18Z","timestamp":1790387238678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Albert G. Clay Endowment"},{"name":"The U.S.\u2014Egypt Science and Technology","award":["STDF: #USC17:140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STDF: #USC17:140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The key event in placentitis-induced preterm labor is myometrial activation with the subsequent initiation of labor. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying myometrial activation are not fully understood in the mares. Therefore, the equine myometrial transcriptome was characterized during placentitis (290.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.52 days of GA, n\u00a0=\u00a05) and the prepartum period (330 days of GA, n\u00a0=\u00a03) in comparison to normal pregnant mares (289.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.18 days of GA, n\u00a0=\u00a04). Transcriptome analysis identified 596 and 290 DEGs in the myometrium during placentitis and the prepartum period, respectively, with 138 DEGs in common. The placentitis DEGs included eight genes (MMP1, MMP8, S100A9, S100A8, PI3, APOBEC3Z1B, RETN, and CXCL2) that are exclusively expressed in the inflamed myometrium. Pathway analysis elucidated that inflammatory signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and apoptosis pathways dominate myometrial activation during placentitis. The prepartum myometrium was associated with overexpression of inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and 5-hydroxytryptamine degradation. Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified several chemoattractant factors in the myometrium during placentitis and prepartum period, including CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL3, and CXCL6 in common. Upstream regulator analysis revealed 19 potential upstream regulators in placentitis dataset including transcription regulators (E2F1, FOXM1, HIF1A, JUNB, NFKB1A, and STAT1), transmembrane receptors (FAS, ICAM1, SELP, TLR2, and TYROBP), growth factors (HGF and TGFB3), enzymes (PTGS2 and PRKCP), and others (S100A8, S100A9, CD44, and C5AR1). Additionally, three upstream regulators (STAT3, EGR1, and F2R) were identified in the prepartum dataset. These findings revealed the key regulators and pathways underlying myometrial activation during placentitis, which aid in understanding the disease and facilitate the development of efficacious therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1581937259000},"page":"1306-1325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key regulators and molecular mechanisms underlying myometrial activation during equine placentitis\u2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"H","family":"El-Sheikh Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Dakahlia, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y L","family":"Boakari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S C","family":"Loux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Dini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K E","family":"Scoggin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Esteller-Vico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kalbfleisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B A","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref1","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Proc Workshop on the Equine Placenta","author":"Troedsson","year":"2004"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.04.134","article-title":"Evaluation of the combined utero-placental thickness (CUPT) and of vulvar conformation as indicators of placentitis in pregnant mares","volume":"121","author":"Lof","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2010.12.012","article-title":"A 24-year retrospective study of equine abortion in Normandy (France)","volume":"31","author":"Laugier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-0481-61-5-307","article-title":"Ascending placentitis in the mare: A review","volume":"61","author":"Cummins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ir Vet J"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12243","article-title":"Immunology of infective preterm delivery in the mare","volume":"46","author":"Lyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref6","first-page":"162","article-title":"Equine placentitis is associated with a downregulation in myometrial progestin signaling","volume":"101","author":"El-Sheikh Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00021","article-title":"Alteration in uterine contractility in mares with experimentally induced placentitis","volume":"127","author":"McGlothlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00725","article-title":"Gene and protein expression in the myometrium in pregnancy and labor","volume":"131","author":"Breuiller-Fouche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.021","article-title":"The use of cDNA microarray to identify differentially expressed labor-associated genes within the human myometrium during labor","volume":"193","author":"Esplin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00290.2007","article-title":"Changes in global gene expression in rat myometrium in transition from late pregnancy to parturition","volume":"36","author":"Helguera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155413","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155413","article-title":"Transcription analysis of the myometrium of labouring and non-labouring women","volume":"11","author":"Sharp","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0007","article-title":"Microarray analysis of uterine gene expression in mouse and human pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Bethin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.072868","article-title":"Assessment of myometrial transcriptome changes associated with spontaneous human labour by high-throughput RNA-seq","volume":"99","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox186","article-title":"Delineating differential regulatory signatures of the human transcriptome in the choriodecidua and myometrium at term labor","volume":"98","author":"Lui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.032979","article-title":"Human myometrial gene expression before and during parturition","volume":"72","author":"Havelock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2010.097","article-title":"Characterization of the myometrial transcriptome and biological pathways of spontaneous human labor at term","volume":"38","author":"Mittal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0632-4","article-title":"Modeling hormonal and inflammatory contributions to preterm and term labor using uterine temporal transcriptomics","volume":"14","author":"Migale","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref18","first-page":"27","article-title":"Gestational tissue transcriptomics in term and preterm human pregnancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Eidem","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref19","first-page":"104.e101","article-title":"Term labor is associated with a core inflammatory response in human fetal membranes, myometrium, and cervix","volume":"200","author":"Bollapragada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.15761\/IMM.1000152","article-title":"Proteomic network analysis of human uterine smooth muscle in pregnancy, labor, and preterm labor","volume":"2","author":"Ulrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr Mol Med"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01150.x","article-title":"The use of high-dimensional biology (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to understand the preterm parturition syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Romero","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref22","volume-title":"Reproductive Biology of the Mare: Basic and Applied Aspects","author":"Ginther","year":"1992"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12278","article-title":"Serum amyloid a and haptoglobin concentrations are increased in plasma of mares with ascending placentitis in the absence of changes in peripheral leukocyte counts or fibrinogen concentration","volume":"72","author":"Canisso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(97)00014-9","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta by transrectal and transabdominal approach in the normal pregnant mare","volume":"47","author":"Renaudin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref25","volume-title":"AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals","author":"Leary","year":"2013","edition":"2013th"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11.14.11","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi1114s51","article-title":"Mapping RNA-seq reads with STAR","volume":"51","author":"Dobin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.016","article-title":"Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and cufflinks","volume":"7","author":"Trapnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1621","article-title":"Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation","volume":"28","author":"Trapnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2450","article-title":"Differential analysis of gene regulation at transcript resolution with RNA-seq","volume":"31","author":"Trapnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-488","article-title":"BioVenn - a web application for the comparison and visualization of biological lists using area-proportional Venn diagrams","volume":"9","author":"Hulsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211","article-title":"Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources","volume":"4","author":"Huang da","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.772403","article-title":"PANTHER: A library of protein families and subfamilies indexed by function","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt703","article-title":"Causal analysis approaches in ingenuity pathway analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D412","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn760","article-title":"STRING 8--a global view on proteins and their functional interactions in 630 organisms","volume":"37","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559","article-title":"WGCNA: An R package for weighted correlation network analysis","volume":"9","author":"Langfelder","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinfor"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1284","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1284","article-title":"Nodes with high centrality in protein interaction networks are responsible for driving signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"3","author":"Abedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7866","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8866","article-title":"A draft network of ligand\u2013receptor-mediated multicellular signalling in human","volume":"6","author":"Ramilowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.108126","article-title":"A novel role for FOXO3 in human labor: Increased expression in laboring myometrium, and regulation of proinflammatory and prolabor mediators in pregnant human myometrial cells","volume":"88","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7529","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200650109","article-title":"MicroRNA-200a serves a key role in the decline of progesterone receptor function leading to term and preterm labor","volume":"109","author":"Koriand\u2019r","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp045","article-title":"Amplification efficiency: Linking baseline and bias in the analysis of quantitative PCR data","volume":"37","author":"Ruijter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.07.009","article-title":"Characterization of prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP2, EP4) in the horse oviduct","volume":"142","author":"Ball","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116665","article-title":"Tissue distribution and ontogeny of steroid 5 alpha-reductase isozyme expression","volume":"92","author":"Thigpen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-1-122","article-title":"Immunology of term and preterm labor","volume":"1","author":"Peltier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268.e261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.10.875","article-title":"Spontaneous labor onset: Is it immunologically mediated","volume":"202","author":"Biggar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.011","article-title":"Cytokine signaling, inflammation, innate immunity and preterm labour - a workshop report","volume":"29","author":"Blank","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.229","article-title":"Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturition: Further evidence that labour is an inflammatory process","volume":"14","author":"Thomson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01650.x","article-title":"Myometrial immune cells contribute to term parturition, preterm labour and post-partum involution in mice","volume":"17","author":"Shynlova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.5.1193","article-title":"Distribution and activation of uterine mononuclear phagocytes in Peripartum endometrium and myometrium of the mouse","volume":"62","author":"Mackler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/35100529","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and innate immunity","volume":"1","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling","volume":"4","author":"Akira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2987","article-title":"Proinflammatory effects of S100A8\/A9 via TLR4 and RAGE signaling pathways in BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"40","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719107310992","article-title":"Pretreatment with toll-like receptor 4 antagonist inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm uterine contractility, cytokines, and prostaglandins in rhesus monkeys","volume":"15","author":"Adams Waldorf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Sci (Thousand Oaks, Calif)"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001073","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of toll-like receptors for infectious and inflammatory diseases and cancer","volume":"61","author":"O'Neill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00387","article-title":"Targeting toll-like receptors: Promising therapeutic strategies for the management of sepsis-associated pathology and infectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"Savva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.09.012","article-title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression is increased in human gestational tissues during term and preterm labor","volume":"26","author":"Esplin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90422-N","article-title":"Neutrophil attractant\/activating peptide-1\/interleukin-8 in term and preterm parturition","volume":"165","author":"Romero","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394.e391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.057","article-title":"Human spontaneous labor without histologic chorioamnionitis is characterized by an acute inflammation gene expression signature","volume":"195","author":"Haddad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref59","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Current Topics in Developmental Biology","author":"Wu","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0077","article-title":"Nuclear progesterone receptors in the human pregnancy myometrium: Evidence that parturition involves functional progesterone withdrawal mediated by increased expression of progesterone receptor-a","volume":"92","author":"Merlino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journa Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110382922","article-title":"Progesterone receptors in the human pregnancy uterus: Do they hold the key to birth timing?","volume":"18","author":"Mesiano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006790","article-title":"The effect of progesterone and oxytocin on the mouse myometrium","volume":"159","author":"Kuriyama","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2007.00653.x","article-title":"Influence of progesterone on myometrial contractility in pregnant mice treated with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"33","author":"Anbe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00512.x","article-title":"Progesterone during pregnancy: Endocrine-immune cross talk in mammalian species and the role of stress","volume":"58","author":"Arck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.024133","article-title":"Progesterone and placental hormone actions on the uterus: Insights from domestic animals","volume":"71","author":"Spencer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1085626","article-title":"AKR1C1 and SRD5A1 messenger RNA expression at term in the human myometrium and chorioamniotic membranes","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01987","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin-dependent induction of an equine aldo-keto reductase (AKR1C23) with 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity during follicular luteinization in vivo","volume":"36","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.064444","article-title":"ADRB3 adrenergic receptor is a key regulator of human myometrial apoptosis and inflammation during chorioamnionitis","volume":"78","author":"Lirussi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.058057","article-title":"Inflammation of Choriodecidua induces tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis of human Myometrial Cells1","volume":"76","author":"Leroy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117183","article-title":"A high-throughput study of gene expression in preterm labor with a subtractive microarray approach","volume":"185","author":"Muhle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200310015","article-title":"Involvement of caspase-4 in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and Abeta-induced cell death","volume":"165","author":"Hitomi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.12.080","article-title":"Apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress depends on activation of caspase-3 via caspase-12","volume":"357","author":"Hitomi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.048124","article-title":"Myometrial apoptosis: Activation of the caspase cascade in the pregnant rat myometrium at midgestation","volume":"74","author":"Shynlova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3233","article-title":"Proinflammatory activities of S100: Proteins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8\/A9 induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion","volume":"170","author":"Ryckman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref75","volume-title":"Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention","author":"Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding Premature B, Assuring Healthy O","year":"2007"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117732158","article-title":"Expression of matrix Metalloproteinases in the mouse uterus and human myometrium during pregnancy, labor, and preterm labor","volume":"25","author":"Lombardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz054","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 are elevated in human preterm laboring uterine myometrium and exacerbate uterine contractility\u2020","volume":"100","author":"Ulrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0674","article-title":"Adipokines as emerging mediators of immune response and inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Lago","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050139e","article-title":"Proteomic analysis using protein chips to detect biomarkers in cervical and amniotic fluid in women with intra-amniotic inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Ruetschi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1.30.31","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.5","article-title":"The GeneCards suite: From gene data mining to disease genome sequence analyses","volume":"54","author":"Stelzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.029","article-title":"The human transcription factors","volume":"172","author":"Lambert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3207","article-title":"Transcription factors: From enhancer binding to developmental control","volume":"13","author":"Spitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3423","article-title":"Beyond oxidative stress: An immunologist's guide to reactive oxygen species","volume":"13","author":"Nathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.01.018","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-mediated ROS signaling pathway involved in Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion during macrophage activation","volume":"66","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00567","article-title":"Oxidative stress damage as a detrimental factor in preterm birth pathology","volume":"5","author":"Menon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90030-U","article-title":"The progesterone antagonist onapristone increases the effectiveness of oxytocin to produce delivery without changing the myometrial oxytocin receptor concentrations","volume":"165","author":"Chwalisz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020052802395309500_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(95)03643-L","article-title":"Effects of retinoic acid and estrogens on oxytocin gene expression in the rat uterus: In vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"114","author":"Larcher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa020\/32793096\/ioaa020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/102\/6\/1306\/33317774\/ioaa020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/102\/6\/1306\/33317774\/ioaa020.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T06:40:17Z","timestamp":1590648017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/102\/6\/1306\/5739254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]}}}