{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:48:53Z","timestamp":1790102933544,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/03798-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/03798-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 2017\/16701-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 2017\/16701-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 2018\/09266-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 2018\/09266-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"WI Experiment Station as Hatch","award":["WIS01240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WIS01240"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["# 2019-67015-29704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 2019-67015-29704"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Changes in circulating progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) during proestrus produce dynamic changes in endometrial function and pituitary release of gonadotropins. Independent and combined effects of P4 and E2 on endometrium and pituitary were evaluated. In a preliminary study, an exogenous hormone model of proestrus was created by removal of corpus luteum and follicles \u22655\u00a0mm followed by gradual removal of intravaginal P4 implants during 18\u00a0h and treatment with increasing doses of estradiol benzoate during 48\u00a0h to mimic proestrus using high E2 (n\u00a0=\u00a09) or low E2 (n\u00a0=\u00a09). Decreased P4, increased E2, and increased endometrial area (EA) simulated proestrus in high-E2 cows and this was used subsequently. The main experiment used a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial design with: high E2 and low P4 (n\u00a0=\u00a011); high E2 and high P4 (n\u00a0=\u00a011); low E2 and high P4 (n\u00a0=\u00a011); low E2 and low P4 (n\u00a0=\u00a010). At 48\u00a0h, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release was determined. Variables were analyzed using PROCMIXED of Statistical Analysis System. The EA increased dramatically during 48\u00a0h only in high-E2 and low-P4 cows. For FSH, high-E2 cows had greater area under the curve (AUC) and FSH peak after GnRH than low E2, with mild negative effects of high P4. For LH, concentration at peak and AUC were 2-fold greater in high E2 compared to low-E2 groups, with low P4 also 2-fold greater than high-P4 groups. Thus, maximal changes in uterus and pituitary during proestrus depend on both low P4 and high E2, but different physiologic responses are regulated differently by E2 and P4. Changes in endometrium depend on low P4 and high E2, whereas GnRH-induced FSH secretion primarily depends on high E2, and GnRH-induced LH secretion is independently increased by high E2 or reduced by high P4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T13:26:34Z","timestamp":1588253194000},"page":"643-653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Interactions of circulating estradiol and progesterone on changes in endometrial area and pituitary responsiveness to GnRH\u2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jessica C L","family":"Motta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas O","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo L O R","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayara","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica N","family":"Drum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos E C","family":"Consentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre B","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ky G","family":"Pohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milo C","family":"Wiltbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 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