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Molecules that selectively target the male reproductive tract and whose targets are indispensable for male reproductive function serve among the best candidates for a novel non-hormonal male contraceptive method. To determine the function of these genes in vivo, mutant mice carrying disrupted testis- or epididymis-enriched genes were generated by zygote microinjection or electroporation of the CRISPR\/Cas9 components. Male fecundity was determined by consecutively pairing knockout males with wild-type females and comparing the fecundity of wild-type controls. Phenotypic analyses of testis appearance and weight, testis and epididymis histology, and sperm movement were further carried out to examine any potential spermatogenic or sperm maturation defect in mutant males. In this study, we uncovered 13 testis- or epididymis-enriched evolutionarily conserved genes that are individually dispensable for male fertility in mice. Owing to their dispensable nature, it is not feasible to use these targets for the development of a male contraceptive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T11:29:59Z","timestamp":1590492599000},"page":"183-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["CRISPR\/Cas9-based genome editing in mice uncovers 13 testis- or epididymis-enriched genes individually dispensable for male reproduction\u2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Nozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoulan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akane","family":"Morohoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio M","family":"Castaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taichi","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferheen","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam H","family":"Shawki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius J","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M","family":"Matzuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas X","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin M","family":"Matzuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Ikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020080407011323300_ref1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Toward a rapid and reversible male pill","author":"Castaneda","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020080407011323300_ref2","first-page":"843","article-title":"Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008\u20132011","volume":"374","author":"Finer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020080407011323300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.07.013","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy in the United States: incidence and disparities, 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