{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:10:49Z","timestamp":1792624249592,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD096266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD096266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Missouri System Research and Creative Works Strategic Investment Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that undergoes complex regeneration and differentiation during the human menstrual cycle. The process of endometrial shedding, regeneration, and differentiation is driven by ovarian steroid hormones and prepares the endometrium and intrauterine environment for embryo implantation and pregnancy establishment. Endometrial glands and their secretions are essential for pregnancy establishment, and cross talk between the glandular epithelium and stromal cells appears vital for decidualization and placental development. Despite being crucial, the biology of the human endometrium during pregnancy establishment and most of pregnancy is incomplete, given the ethical and practical limitations of obtaining and studying endometrium from pregnant women. As such, in vitro models of the human endometrium are required to fill significant gaps in understanding endometrial biology. This review is focused on the evolution and development of in vitro three-dimensional models of the human endometrium and provides insight into the challenges and promises of those models to improve women\u2019s reproductive health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T01:33:29Z","timestamp":1601688809000},"page":"282-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["In vitro models of the human endometrium: evolution and application for women\u2019s health+"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Harriet C","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny J","family":"Schust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women\u2019s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women\u2019s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021110455933600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.116","article-title":"Fertile ground: human endometrial programming and lessons in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021021110455933600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3012","article-title":"Mechanisms of implantation: strategies for successful 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