{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:11:52Z","timestamp":1781651512166,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-67015-26084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-67015-26084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007709","name":"Michigan State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>When women with small ovarian reserves are subjected to assisted reproductive technologies, high doses of gonadotropins are linked to high oocyte and embryo wastage and low live birth rates. We hypothesized that excessive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) doses during superovulation are detrimental to ovulatory follicle function in individuals with a small ovarian reserve. To test this hypothesis, heifers with small ovarian reserves were injected twice daily for 4 days, beginning on Day 1 of the estrous cycle with 35, 70, 140, or 210\u00a0IU doses of Folltropin-V (FSH). Each heifer (n\u00a0=\u00a08) was superovulated using a Williams Latin Square Design. During each superovulation regimen, three prostaglandin F2\u03b1 injections were given at 12-h interval, starting at the seventh FSH injection to regress the newly formed corpus luteum (CL). Human chorionic gonadotropin was injected 12\u00a0h after the last (8th) FSH injection to induce ovulation. Daily ultrasonography and blood sampling were used to determine the number and size of follicles and corpora lutea, uterine thickness, and circulating concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH). The highest doses of FSH did not increase AMH, progesterone, number of ovulatory-size follicles, uterine thickness, or number of CL. However, estradiol production and ovulation rate were lower for heifers given high FSH doses compared to lower doses, indicating detrimental effects on ovulatory follicle function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T09:43:54Z","timestamp":1605692634000},"page":"695-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Negative impact of high doses of follicle-stimulating hormone during superovulation on the ovulatory follicle function in small ovarian reserve dairy heifers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Kaitlin R","family":"Karl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fermin","family":"Jimenez-Krassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Gibbings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L H","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaramasina L","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Tempelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith E","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.24.1.1582","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technologies in cattle: a review","volume":"24","author":"Mapletoft","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118833971.ch75","volume-title":"Bovine Reproduction","author":"Mapletoft","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1151","article-title":"Gonadotropin dose is negatively correlated with live birth rate: analysis of more than 650,000 assisted reproductive technology cycles","volume":"104","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(97)00033-X","article-title":"Factors associated with variation in the superovulatory response of cattle","volume":"48","author":"Kafi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.6.1217","article-title":"Avoiding multiple pregnancies in ART: consideration of new strategies","volume":"15","author":"Hazekamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.04.020","article-title":"High rates of embryo wastage with use of assisted reproductive technology: a look at the trends between 1995 and 2001 in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Kovalevsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110238","article-title":"Cumulative birth rates with linked assisted reproductive technology cycles","volume":"366","author":"Luke","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1986.631176x","article-title":"Age, dose of FSH and other factors affecting superovulation in Holstein cows","volume":"63","author":"Lerner","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.1.29","article-title":"Increasing the daily dose of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon\u00ae) does not compensate for the age-related decline in retrievable oocytes after ovarian stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Out","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/RD10226","article-title":"Does size matter in females? An overview of the impact of the high variation in the ovarian reserve on ovarian function and fertility, utility of anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for fertility and causes of variation in the ovarian reserve in cattle","volume":"23","author":"Ireland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(85)90181-5","article-title":"Superovulation of beef heifers with Pergonal (HMG): a dose response trial","volume":"24","author":"McGowan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(86)90233-5","article-title":"Superovulation of beef cows with FSH-P: a dose\u2013response trail","volume":"25","author":"Pawlyshyn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.59.223","article-title":"Use of highly purified porcine FSH preparation for superovulation in Japanese Black cattle","volume":"59","author":"Sugano","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(84)90433-3","article-title":"Dose of FSH-P as a source of variation in embryo production from superovulated cows","volume":"22","author":"Donaldson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19790921","article-title":"Morphological evaluation of bovine embryos recovered non-surgically from superovulated dairy cows on days 6 1\/2 to 7 1\/2: a field study","volume":"19","author":"Greve","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Biol Anim Biochim Biophys"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(86)90059-2","article-title":"Induction of superovulation in cyclic heifers: the inhibitory effect of large doses of PMSG","volume":"25","author":"Saumande","year":"1986","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(83)90211-X","article-title":"Embryo production by repeated superovulation of commercial donor cows","volume":"20","author":"Donaldson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019317","article-title":"Time to revolutionize ovarian stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Edwards","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq041","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in relation to the daily dose of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone for ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilization in presumed normal responders younger than 39\u00a0years: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Sterrenburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh663","article-title":"Expected poor responders on the basis of an antral follicle count do not benefit from a higher starting dose of gonadotrophins in IVF treatment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Klinkert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh655","article-title":"Oocyte number per live birth in IVF: were Steptoe and Edwards less wasteful?","volume":"20","author":"Inge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.055","article-title":"Less is more: increased gonadotropin use for ovarian stimulation adversely influences clinical pregnancy and live birth after in vitro fertilization","volume":"89","author":"Pal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref23"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem071","article-title":"Follicle numbers are highly repeatable within individual animals but are inversely correlated with FSH concentrations and the proportion of good-quality embryos after ovarian stimulation in cattle","volume":"22","author":"Ireland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh141","article-title":"An elevated basal FSH reflects a quantitative rather than qualitative decline of the ovarian reserve","volume":"19","author":"Abdalla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.036277","article-title":"Numbers of antral follicles during follicular waves in cattle: evidence for high variation among animals, very high repeatability in individuals, and an inverse association with serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations","volume":"73","author":"Burns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.071670","article-title":"Antral follicle count reliably predicts number of morphologically healthy oocytes and follicles in ovaries of young adult cattle","volume":"79","author":"Ireland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(90)90509-R","article-title":"Superovulation of beef heifers with Folltropin: a new FSH preparation containing reduced LH activity","volume":"33","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1989","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2002045","article-title":"Superovulation in cattle: practical aspects of gonadotropin treatment and insemination","volume":"42","author":"Kanitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reprod Nutr Dev"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref30","first-page":"70","article-title":"Effect of semen source and dose of FSH on superovulatory response and embryo production in Holstein heifers","volume":"3","author":"Souza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(93)90107-3","article-title":"Superovulation of cattle with a recombinant-DNA bovine follicle stimulating hormone","volume":"33","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.03.026","article-title":"Superovulatory response of Sistani cattle to three different doses of FSH during winter and summer","volume":"66","author":"Barati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9490149","article-title":"Experimental designs balanced for the estimation of residual effects of treatments","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"1949","journal-title":"Aust J Chem"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.075093","article-title":"Evidence that high variation in ovarian reserves of healthy young adults has a negative impact on the corpus luteum and endometrium during estrous cycles in cattle","volume":"80","author":"Jimenez-Krassel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.073791","article-title":"Variation in the ovarian reserve is linked to alterations in intrafollicular estradiol production and ovarian biomarkers of follicular differentiation and oocyte quality in cattle","volume":"80","author":"Ireland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1071\/RD09100","article-title":"Inherent capacity of the pituitary gland to produce gonadotropins is not influenced by the number of ovarian follicles 3\u00a0mm in diameter in cattle","volume":"22","author":"Mossa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref37","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"Council NR","year":"2001","edition":"seventh revised"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref38","first-page":"10","article-title":"The construction of a Williams design and randomization in cross-over clinical trials using SAS","author":"Wang","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.05.011","article-title":"Use of a single injection of long-acting recombinant bovine FSH to superovulate Holstein heifers: a preliminary study","volume":"82","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.10.013","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of endometrial thickness near timed AI as a predictor of fertility in high-producing dairy cows","volume":"75","author":"Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1588","article-title":"Serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels reflect the size of the primordial follicle pool in mice","volume":"147","author":"Kevenaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.823695x","article-title":"Ability of intravaginal progesterone inserts and melengestrol acetate to induce estrous cycles in postpartum beef cows","volume":"82","author":"Perry","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)75935-6","article-title":"Follicular function in lactating dairy cows treated with sustained-release bovine somatotropin","volume":"80","author":"Kirby","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref44","volume-title":"SAS\/SHARE\u00ae 9.4: User\u2019s Guide","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2019","edition":"Second"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref45","volume-title":"Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and Analysis","author":"Kuehl","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gav032","article-title":"Characterization of FSH signalling networks in bovine cumulus cells: a perspective on oocyte competence acquisition","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0104","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) and fertility management in agricultural species","volume":"154","author":"Mossa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms041","article-title":"Added value of ovarian reserve testing on patient characteristics in the prediction of ovarian response and ongoing pregnancy: an individual patient data approach","volume":"19","author":"Broer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1071\/RD11020","article-title":"Granulosa cells are refractory to FSH action in individuals with a low antral follicle count","volume":"24","author":"Scheetz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(02)00153-4","article-title":"The final stages of dominant follicle selection in cattle","volume":"23","author":"Mihm","year":"2002","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1983.571157x","article-title":"Growth and differentiation of large antral follicles after spontaneous luteolysis in heifers: changes in concentration of hormones in follicular fluid and specific binding of gonadotropins to follicles","volume":"57","author":"Ireland","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-112-1-150","article-title":"Development of nonovulatory antral follicles in heifers: changes in steroids in follicular fluid and receptors for gonadotropins","volume":"112","author":"Ireland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(94)90119-4","article-title":"Superovulatory response to a single subcutaneous injection of Folltropin-V in beef cattle","volume":"42","author":"Bo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.10.013","article-title":"Superstimulation of ovarian follicular development in beef cattle with a single intramuscular injection of Folltropin-V","volume":"129","author":"Tr\u00edbulo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv23n1Ab207","article-title":"Oocyte recovery rates and in vitro blastocyst production in cattle treated with a single injection of Folltropin-V diluted in a slow-release formulation","volume":"23","author":"Ongaratto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32914-9","article-title":"Gonadotropin-induced loss of hormone receptors and desensitization of adenylate cyclase in the ovary","volume":"251","author":"Conti","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00701-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of gonadotropin desensitization","volume":"187","author":"Amsterdam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58453-2","article-title":"Premature luteinization in in vitro fertilization cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and GnRH-a and urinary FSH","volume":"66","author":"Ubaldi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod35.2.292","article-title":"Bovine theca and granulosa cells interact to promote androgen production","volume":"35","author":"Fortune","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.82351","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone and its dilemma in ovulation induction","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21188","article-title":"Reproductive ecology and the endometrium: physiology, variation, and new directions","volume":"140","author":"Clancy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61434-4","article-title":"Artificial versus stimulated cycles for endometrial preparation prior to frozen\u2013thawed embryo transfer","volume":"13","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-009-9312-z","article-title":"Follicular and luteal phase endometrial thickness and echogenic pattern and pregnancy outcome in oocyte donation cycles","volume":"26","author":"Barker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.031","article-title":"The relationship between endometrial thickness and outcome of medicated frozen embryo replacement cycles","volume":"89","author":"El-Toukhy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.064","article-title":"Relationship between endometrial thickness and embryo implantation, based on 1,294\u00a0cycles of in vitro fertilization with transfer of two blastocyst-stage embryos","volume":"87","author":"Richter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02961-2","article-title":"Luteal phase support","volume":"77","author":"Penzias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)62015-9","article-title":"Progesterone supplementation to prevent recurrent miscarriage and to reduce implantation failure in assisted reproduction cycles","volume":"13","author":"Nardo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12096","article-title":"Effectiveness of high-dose transvaginal progesterone supplementation for women who are undergoing a frozen\u2013thawed embryo transfer","volume":"17","author":"Enatsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref69","first-page":"195","article-title":"Is the luteo-placental shift a myth? Analysis of low progesterone levels in successful art pregnancies","volume":"77","author":"Azuma","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021111807270555300_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1291615","article-title":"The role of progesterone therapy in early pregnancy: from physiological role to therapeutic utility","volume":"33","author":"Czyzyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa210\/34947373\/ioaa210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/104\/3\/695\/38843399\/ioaa210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/104\/3\/695\/38843399\/ioaa210.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T09:57:30Z","timestamp":1637229450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/104\/3\/695\/5987084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa210","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]}}}