{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:31:40Z","timestamp":1791325900236,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"US Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN275201300006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201300006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sterile inflammation is triggered by danger signals, or alarmins, released upon cellular stress or necrosis. Sterile inflammation occurring in the amniotic cavity (i.e. sterile intra-amniotic inflammation) is frequently observed in women with spontaneous preterm labor resulting in preterm birth, the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide; this condition is associated with increased amniotic fluid concentrations of alarmins. However, the mechanisms whereby alarmins induce sterile intra-amniotic inflammation are still under investigation. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms whereby the alarmin S100A12 induces inflammation of the human chorioamniotic membranes in vitro and used a mouse model to establish a causal link between this alarmin and adverse perinatal outcomes. We report that S100A12 initiates sterile inflammation in the chorioamniotic membranes by upregulating the expression of inflammatory mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and pattern recognition receptors. Importantly, S100A12 induced the priming and activation of inflammasomes, resulting in caspase-1 cleavage and the subsequent release of mature IL-1\u03b2 by the chorioamniotic membranes. This alarmin also caused the activation of the chorioamniotic membranes by promoting MMP-2 activity and collagen degradation. Lastly, the ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of S100A12 at specific concentrations observed in the majority of women with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation induced preterm birth (rates: 17% at 200\u00a0ng\/sac; 25% at 300\u00a0ng\/sac; 25% at 400\u00a0ng\/sac) and neonatal mortality (rates: 22% at 200\u00a0ng\/sac; 44% at 300\u00a0ng\/sac; 31% at 400\u00a0ng\/sac), thus demonstrating a causal link between this alarmin and adverse perinatal outcomes. Collectively, our findings shed light on the inflammatory responses driven by alarmins in the chorioamniotic membranes, providing insight into the immune mechanisms leading to preterm birth in women with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T12:51:50Z","timestamp":1633956710000},"page":"1494-1509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The alarmin S100A12 causes sterile inflammation of the human chorioamniotic membranes as well as preterm birth and neonatal mortality in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Motomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olesya","family":"Plazyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Garcia-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meyer","family":"Gershater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Galaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nardhy","family":"Gomez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the sustainable development goals","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref2","author":"Preterm Birth: CDC","year":"2021"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD neonatal research network","volume":"126","author":"Stoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S72921","article-title":"Comparison of three screening tests for autism in preterm children with birth weights less than 1,500 grams","volume":"10","author":"Dudova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref5","first-page":"216","article-title":"Short-term morbidities in moderate and late preterm infants","volume":"226","author":"Scheuchenegger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2014.11.006","article-title":"Adaptive behavior in 10-11 year old children born preterm with a very low birth weight (VLBW)","volume":"19","author":"Fjortoft","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-015-1495-7","article-title":"Reduced thalamic volume in preterm infants is associated with abnormal white matter metabolism independent of injury","volume":"57","author":"Wisnowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6010004","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: chronic lung disease of infancy and Long-term pulmonary outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Davidson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31002-4","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis","volume":"390","author":"Shane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251816","article-title":"Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes","volume":"345","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90418-9","article-title":"An experimental model for intraamniotic infection and preterm labor in rhesus monkeys","volume":"171","author":"Gravett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518 e511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.064","article-title":"Immunomodulators plus antibiotics delay preterm delivery after experimental intraamniotic infection in a nonhuman primate model","volume":"197","author":"Gravett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108325508","article-title":"Ureaplasma parvum or Mycoplasma hominis as sole pathogens cause chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, and fetal pneumonia in rhesus macaques","volume":"16","author":"Novy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475 e471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.10.871","article-title":"Maternal azithromycin therapy for Ureaplasma intraamniotic infection delays preterm delivery and reduces fetal lung injury in a primate model","volume":"207","author":"Grigsby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12443","article-title":"Intra-amniotic administration of HMGB1 induces spontaneous preterm labor and birth","volume":"75","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1287894","article-title":"Intra-amniotic administration of lipopolysaccharide induces spontaneous preterm labor and birth in the absence of a body temperature change","volume":"31","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01291","article-title":"Inflammation-induced adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes can be improved by the immunomodulatory peptide Exendin-4","volume":"9","author":"Garcia-Flores","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy264","article-title":"Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome can prevent sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, preterm labor\/birth, and adverse neonatal outcomes","volume":"100","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy261","article-title":"Intra-amniotic inflammation induces preterm birth by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"100","author":"Faro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00770","article-title":"A broad spectrum chemokine inhibitor prevents preterm labor but not microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or neonatal morbidity in a non-human primate model","volume":"11","author":"Coleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00797","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00797-20","article-title":"Intra-amniotic infection with Ureaplasma parvum causes preterm birth and neonatal mortality that are prevented by treatment with clarithromycin","volume":"11","author":"Motomura","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa054","article-title":"The alarmin interleukin-1alpha causes preterm birth through the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"26","author":"Motomura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2021-0049","article-title":"Betamethasone as a potential treatment for preterm birth associated with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation: a murine study","author":"Galaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12189","article-title":"A novel molecular microbiologic technique for the rapid diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic infection in preterm labor with intact membranes","volume":"71","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12296","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"72","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1998.0143","article-title":"An innate sense of danger","volume":"10","author":"Matzinger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.06.002","article-title":"Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune responses","volume":"17","author":"Oppenheim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0306164","article-title":"DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger","volume":"81","author":"Bianchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.02.006","article-title":"Damage associated molecular pattern molecules","volume":"124","author":"Lotze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2873","article-title":"Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201206006","article-title":"p53-dependent release of Alarmin HMGB1 is a central mediator of senescent phenotypes","volume":"201","author":"Davalos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.144139","article-title":"HMGB1 induces an inflammatory response in the chorioamniotic membranes that is partially mediated by the Inflammasome","volume":"95","author":"Plazyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836 e831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.037","article-title":"Evidence of perturbations of the cytokine network in preterm labor","volume":"213","author":"Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227881","article-title":"Compartmentalized profiling of amniotic fluid cytokines in women with preterm labor","volume":"15","author":"Bhatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25291","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.36.25291","article-title":"S100A12 is expressed exclusively by granulocytes and acts independently from MRP8 and MRP14","volume":"274","author":"Vogl","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3407","article-title":"A comparison of human S100A12 with MRP-14 (S100A9)","volume":"275","author":"Robinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1998.4681","article-title":"Cytokine-induced calgranulin C expression in keratocytes","volume":"91","author":"Gottsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0531","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: a 'DAMP' view of inflammatory arthritis","volume":"3","author":"Foell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8465083","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8465083","article-title":"Alarmins HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12 in psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"2020","author":"Borsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.020","article-title":"The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) has a dual phase-dependent association with residual cardiovascular risk after an acute coronary event","volume":"287","author":"Grauen Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e113799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113799","article-title":"HMGB1 promotes a p38MAPK associated non-infectious inflammatory response pathway in human fetal membranes","volume":"9","author":"Bredeson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13049","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13049","article-title":"Inflammasome activation during spontaneous preterm labor with intra-amniotic infection or sterile intra-amniotic inflammation","volume":"80","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3","article-title":"The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta","volume":"10","author":"Martinon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00046-9","article-title":"NALP3 forms an IL-1beta-processing inflammasome with increased activity in muckle-wells autoinflammatory disorder","volume":"20","author":"Agostini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1703","article-title":"The inflammasome: a caspase-1-activation platform that regulates immune responses and disease pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Franchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.040","article-title":"The inflammasomes","volume":"140","author":"Schroder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1373520","article-title":"Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme","volume":"256","author":"Cerretti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/356768a0","article-title":"A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1 beta processing in monocytes","volume":"356","author":"Thornberry","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/386619a0","article-title":"Caspase-1 processes IFN-gamma-inducing factor and regulates LPS-induced IFN-gamma production","volume":"386","author":"Ghayur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5297.206","article-title":"Activation of interferon-gamma inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1beta converting enzyme","volume":"275","author":"Gu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700352","article-title":"Cutting edge: distinct regulatory mechanisms control proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1beta","volume":"198","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01936-3","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory programmed cell death","volume":"9","author":"Cookson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2070","article-title":"Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Bergsbaken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01044.x","article-title":"Caspase-1-induced pyroptotic cell death","volume":"243","author":"Miao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3662","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800788","article-title":"Gasdermin D promotes AIM2 Inflammasome activation and is required for host protection against Francisella novicida","volume":"201","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.09.003","article-title":"Placental pathology: a systematic approach with clinical correlations","volume":"29","author":"Redline","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.040","article-title":"Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance","volume":"213","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.041","article-title":"Chronic inflammation of the placenta: definition, classification, pathogenesis, and clinical significance","volume":"213","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2018-0055","article-title":"The frequency and type of placental histologic lesions in term pregnancies with normal outcome","volume":"46","author":"Romero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M044305","article-title":"IL-22 is induced by S100\/calgranulin and impairs cholesterol efflux in macrophages by downregulating ABCG1","volume":"55","author":"Chellan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1602OC","article-title":"Proinflammatory S100A12 can activate human monocytes via toll-like receptor 4","volume":"187","author":"Foell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref64","first-page":"922","article-title":"Mouse models of preterm birth: suggested assessment and reporting guidelines","volume":"99","author":"McCarthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2574-0","article-title":"The \"injection jet sign\": an innovative method of needle position confirmation during ultrasound guided injections","volume":"46","author":"Goldschmiedt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.021","article-title":"S100A12 provokes mast cell activation: a potential amplification pathway in asthma and innate immunity","volume":"119","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12352","article-title":"S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 activate airway epithelial cells to produce MUC5AC via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways","volume":"144","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6616(02)00043-8","article-title":"The calcium-binding protein S100A12 induces neutrophil adhesion, migration, and release from bone marrow in mouse at concentrations similar to those found in human inflammatory arthritis","volume":"107","author":"Rouleau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref69","first-page":"459","article-title":"Bacterial invasion of amniotic cavity during pregnancy and labor","volume":"37","author":"Prevedourakis","year":"1971","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90090-9","article-title":"Amniotic fluid infection as determined by transabdominal amniocentesis in patients with intact membranes in premature labor","volume":"140","author":"Bobitt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198809000-00006","article-title":"Infection and preterm labor","volume":"31","author":"Romero","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref72","first-page":"262","article-title":"Infection in the pathogenesis of preterm labor","volume":"12","author":"Romero","year":"1988","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744994000530","article-title":"Occult intraamniotic infection at the time of midtrimester genetic amniocentesis: a reassessment","volume":"2","author":"Cherouny","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)80060-3","article-title":"Does intraamniotic infection in the early phase of the second trimester really exist?","volume":"175","author":"Fernandez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0475-7","article-title":"Amniotic fluid from healthy term pregnancies does not harbor a detectable microbial community","volume":"6","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90346-6","article-title":"Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences","volume":"46","author":"Sen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a001651","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","article-title":"The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.012","article-title":"30 years of NF-kappaB: a blossoming of relevance to human pathobiology","volume":"168","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133347","article-title":"NOD-LRR proteins: role in host-microbial interactions and inflammatory disease","volume":"74","author":"Inohara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.07.004","article-title":"NOD1 and NOD2: beyond peptidoglycan sensing","volume":"38","author":"Keestra-Gounder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref81","first-page":"572","article-title":"Immunohistochemical profile of basement membrane proteins and 72 kilodalton type IV collagenase in the implantation placental site. An integrated view","volume":"66","author":"Fernandez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref82","first-page":"148","article-title":"92-kd type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-9) activity in human amniochorion increases with labor","volume":"146","author":"Vadillo-Ortega","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.12.1187","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitor, TIMP-1, in human term decidua and fetal membranes: the effect of prostaglandin F(2alpha) and indomethacin","volume":"7","author":"Ulug","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gam025","article-title":"Evidence of in vitro differential secretion of 72 and 92 kDa type IV collagenases after selective exposure to lipopolysaccharide in human fetal membranes","volume":"13","author":"Garcia-Lopez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00062-0","article-title":"Phagocyte-specific S100 proteins: a novel group of proinflammatory molecules","volume":"24","author":"Roth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0097-7","article-title":"Human S100A12: a novel key player in inflammation?","volume":"36","author":"Pietzsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6551","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4460-5","article-title":"Expression and clinical implication of S100A12 in gastric carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/308942","article-title":"S100 calgranulin proteins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 are expressed in the inflamed gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-infected children","volume":"22","author":"Leach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29262","article-title":"High S100A8 and S100A12 protein expression is a favorable prognostic factor for survival of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"136","author":"Funk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80801-6","article-title":"RAGE mediates a novel proinflammatory axis: a central cell surface receptor for S100\/calgranulin polypeptides","volume":"97","author":"Hofmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.12.003","article-title":"Peripheral RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts)-ligands in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia: novel markers of inflammatory response","volume":"93","author":"Naruse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113503415","article-title":"Proteomic biomarkers for spontaneous preterm birth: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Kacerovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03695-4","article-title":"Impact of chorioamnionitis on maternal and fetal levels of proinflammatory S100A12","volume":"180","author":"Bersani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02384.x","article-title":"Respiratory disease and early serum S100A12 changes in very premature infants","volume":"100","author":"Loughran-Fowlds","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.06.003","article-title":"Fecal phagocyte-specific S100A12 for diagnosing necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"161","author":"D\u00e4britz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.60","article-title":"Association of high levels of \u03b1-defensins and S100A proteins with Candida mannan detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of preterm neonates","volume":"74","author":"Vento","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01194","article-title":"Expression of S100A alarmins in cord blood monocytes is highly associated with chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammation in preterm infants","volume":"11","author":"Golubinskaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0233841","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233841","article-title":"Whole blood transcriptional responses of very preterm infants during late-onset sepsis","volume":"15","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1560411","article-title":"Evaluation of the S100 protein A12 as a biomarker of neonatal sepsis","volume":"33","author":"Tosson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117680","article-title":"Clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"185","author":"Yoon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.209486","article-title":"S100A12 mediates aortic wall remodeling and aortic aneurysm","volume":"106","author":"Hofmann Bowman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.11.008","article-title":"Phagocyte-derived S100 proteins in autoinflammation: putative role in pathogenesis and usefulness as biomarkers","volume":"147","author":"Kessel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02392-9","article-title":"Total chemical synthesis and chemotactic activity of human S100A12 (EN-RAGE)","volume":"488","author":"Miranda","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.6.986","article-title":"Proinflammatory properties of the human S100 protein S100A12","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.06.057","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators ATP and S100A12 activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce MUC5AC production in airway epithelial cells","volume":"503","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.03.022","article-title":"S100A12 promotes inflammation and cell apoptosis in sepsis-induced ARDS via activation of NLRP3 in fl ammasome signaling","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.61","article-title":"Innate immune activation in neonatal tracheal aspirates suggests endotoxin-driven inflammation","volume":"72","author":"Nathe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0306170","article-title":"S100 proteins expressed in phagocytes: a novel group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules","volume":"81","author":"Foell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02995","article-title":"Neutrophils from children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis exhibit persistent proinflammatory activation despite long-standing clinically inactive disease","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13184","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13184","article-title":"Evidence of pyroptosis in spontaneous preterm labor with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation or intra-amniotic infection","volume":"82","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900901","article-title":"Inflammasomes: their role in normal and complicated pregnancies","volume":"203","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00819","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00819-20","article-title":"RNA sequencing reveals distinct immune responses in the chorioamniotic membranes of women with preterm labor and microbial or sterile intra-amniotic inflammation","volume":"89","author":"Motomura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1706470","article-title":"HSP70: an alarmin that does not induce high rates of preterm birth but does cause adverse neonatal outcomes","author":"Schwenkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal072","article-title":"Identification of a calcium-dependent matrix metalloproteinase complex in rat chorioallantoid membranes during labour","volume":"12","author":"Meraz-Cruz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gag040","article-title":"Differential activity of the gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9) in the fetal membranes and decidua, associated with labour","volume":"9","author":"Goldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref116","first-page":"59","article-title":"Term maternal and neonatal complications of acute chorioamnionitis","volume":"66","author":"Hauth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00402-5","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal sepsis","volume":"87","author":"Yancey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.104207","article-title":"Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years","volume":"182","author":"Yoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.085","article-title":"Clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"191","author":"Shim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450.e451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.12.024","article-title":"Prenatal inflammation is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes","volume":"210","author":"Bastek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325.e321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.10.882","article-title":"Prelabor rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks: the intraamniotic inflammatory response and neonatal outcomes","volume":"210","author":"Kacerovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70710-8","article-title":"Infection-induced inflammation and cerebral injury in preterm infants","volume":"14","author":"Strunk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1384460","article-title":"The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in twin pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"32","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1399118","article-title":"Influence of perinatal inflammation on the neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants","volume":"32","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Trujillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.42","article-title":"Inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in amniotic fluid are associated with the development of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants","volume":"61","author":"Woo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.12.1214","article-title":"Amniotic fluid interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 are superior predictors of fetal lung injury compared with maternal or fetal plasma cytokines or placental histopathology in a nonhuman primate model","volume":"225","author":"McCartney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref127","first-page":"1631","article-title":"Expression of S100 family proteins in neonatal rats with sepsis and its significance","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69525-1","article-title":"Necrotising enterocolitis","volume":"368","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005408","article-title":"Medical progress: necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"364","author":"Neu","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.119","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Nino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182946eb2","article-title":"Fecal S100A12: identifying intestinal distress in very-low-birth-weight infants","volume":"57","author":"Dabritz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3830-6","article-title":"Multiple opportunistic pathogens, but not pre-existing inflammation, may be associated with necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"60","author":"Leach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2016.09.020","article-title":"Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"41","author":"Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2018.10.001","article-title":"Biomarker discovery and utility in necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"46","author":"Goldstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6 e1, S6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.050","article-title":"What is the placenta?","volume":"213","author":"Burton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125620","article-title":"Placenta: the forgotten organ","volume":"31","author":"Maltepe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90708-F","article-title":"Why all placentas should be examined by a pathologist in 1990","volume":"163","author":"Salafia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199507010-00003","article-title":"Placental pathology: a neglected link between basic disease mechanisms and untoward pregnancy outcome","volume":"7","author":"Redline","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2350\/06-12-0203.1","article-title":"Placental lesions as predictors of cerebral palsy and abnormal neurocognitive function at school age in extremely low birth weight infants (&lt;1 kg)","volume":"10","author":"Redline","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2009.06.003","article-title":"Disorders of placental circulation and the fetal brain","volume":"36","author":"Redline","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849.e841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.09.072","article-title":"Placental pathology is associated with severity of neonatal encephalopathy and adverse developmental outcomes following hypothermia","volume":"213","author":"Mir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12842","article-title":"The structure and utility of the placental pathology report","volume":"126","author":"Turowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64029-1.00003-5","article-title":"The placenta","volume":"162","author":"Ravishankar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/15513815.2020.1723147","article-title":"Placental pathologic changes associated with fetal growth restriction and consequent neonatal outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Hwa Im","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fetal Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.06.001","article-title":"Maternal and fetal vascular lesions of malperfusion in the placentas associated with fetal and neonatal death: results of a prospective observational study","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01293-6","article-title":"Placental origins of neonatal diseases: toward a precision medicine approach","volume":"89","author":"Mir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107874","article-title":"Regulatory T cells play a role in a subset of idiopathic preterm labor\/birth and adverse neonatal outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2021122108174671500_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86268-1","article-title":"Hypoxia and oxidative stress induce sterile placental inflammation in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioab188\/41092221\/ioab188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/105\/6\/1494\/41823199\/ioab188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/105\/6\/1494\/41823199\/ioab188.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T23:35:35Z","timestamp":1699659335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/105\/6\/1494\/6386484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioab188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]}}}