{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:25:26Z","timestamp":1784129126898,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["#1139568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1139568"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1156666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1156666"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a newly identified key negative regulator of human endometrial receptivity, specifically down-regulated in the luminal epithelium at receptivity to permit embryo implantation. Here, we bioinformatically compared the molecular characteristics of PODXL among the human, rhesus macaque, and mouse, determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (mouse tissues) whether endometrial PODXL expression is conserved across the three species and examined if PODXL inhibits mouse embryo attachment in vitro. The PODXL gene, mRNA, and protein sequences showed greater similarities between humans and macaques than with mice. In all species, PODXL was expressed in endometrial luminal\/glandular epithelia and endothelia. In macaques (n\u2009=\u20099), luminal PODXL was significantly down-regulated when receptivity is developed, consistent with the pattern found in women. At receptivity, PODXL was also reduced in shallow glands, whereas endothelial expression was unchanged across the menstrual cycle. In mice, endometrial PODXL did not vary considerably across the estrous cycle (n\u2009=\u200916); however, around embryo attachment on d4.5 of pregnancy (n\u2009=\u20094), luminal PODXL was greatly reduced especially near the site of embryo attachment. Mouse embryos failed to attach or thrive when co-cultured on a monolayer of Ishikawa cells overexpressing PODXL. Thus, endometrial luminal PODXL expression is down-regulated for embryo implantation in all species examined, and PODXL inhibits mouse embryo implantation. Rhesus macaques share greater conservations with humans than mice in PODXL molecular characteristics and regulation, thus represent a better animal model for functional studies of endometrial PODXL for treatment of human fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T05:53:12Z","timestamp":1647237192000},"page":"1143-1158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Podocalyxin molecular characteristics and endometrial expression: high conservation between humans and macaques but divergence in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Bothidah","family":"Thach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"RMIT University , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Science , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirukshi","family":"Samarajeewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"RMIT University , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"RMIT University , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophea","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"RMIT University , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesha","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"RMIT University , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulyoto","family":"Pangestu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Catt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiying","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"RMIT University , School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, , Bundoora, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Science , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University , , Clayton, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061509255870900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3012","article-title":"Mechanisms of implantation: strategies for successful pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Cha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022061509255870900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53098","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053098","article-title":"Defective soil for a fertile seed? 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