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Among the various cytokines, interleukin (IL)-10 (IL10) plays an essential role in anti-inflammatory responses, while IL12 is involved in pro-inflammatory responses during pregnancy. However, the roles of IL10 and IL12 in the endometrium during pregnancy have not been studied in pigs. Thus, we investigated the expression of IL10, IL12 (IL12A and IL12B), and their receptors (IL10RA, IL10RB, IL12RB1, and IL12RB2) at the maternal\u2013conceptus interface. IL10, IL12, and their receptors were expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a pregnancy stage-specific manner. During pregnancy, IL10 expression increased on Day 15, whereas the expression of IL12A and IL12B decreased after the implantation period. IL10 protein was localized to luminal epithelial (LE), stromal cells, and macrophages; IL10RA protein to LE, endothelial, stromal, and T cells; and IL10RB mRNA to LE cells in the endometrium. IL10 and IL10RA proteins and IL10RB mRNA were also localized to chorionic epithelial (CE) cells. In endometrial explants, the expression of IL10RA and IL10RB was induced by estradiol-17\u03b2, IL-1\u03b2, and\/or interferon-\u03b3. Heme oxygenase 1, an IL10-inducible factor, was expressed in the endometrium with the highest levels on Day 30 of pregnancy and was localized to LE and CE cells. These results in pigs suggest that conceptus-derived signals change the endometrial immune environment by regulating the expression of IL10 and IL10 receptors at the maternal\u2013conceptus interface and that IL10 may provide anti-inflammatory conditions for the maternal immune tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T17:48:11Z","timestamp":1648576091000},"page":"1159-1174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Interleukin-10 and its receptors at the maternal\u2013conceptus interface: expression, regulation, and implication for T helper 2 cytokine predominance and maternal immune tolerance in the pig, a true epitheliochorial placentation species"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Jisoo","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science and Technology , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei University , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inkyu","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science and Technology , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei University , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soohyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science and Technology , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei University , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yugyeong","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science and Technology , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei University , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol-Heui","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences , , Seoul , Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Seoul National University , , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakhyun","family":"Ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science and Technology , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei University , , Wonju , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061510260304900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.64","article-title":"The unique immunological and microbial aspects of pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Mor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2022061510260304900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-007-0069-0","article-title":"The Th1\/Th2 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