{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:01:06Z","timestamp":1792814466312,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Penn Equine Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methods for standard in vitro fertilization have been difficult to establish in the horse. We evaluated whether prolonged sperm pre-incubation would support subsequent fertilization. Fresh sperm were pre-incubated with penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine (PHE) for 22\u00a0h. Co-incubation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) for 6\u00a0h yielded 43% fertilization; culture of presumptive embryos yielded 21% blastocysts. Sperm incubated similarly, but without PHE, did not fertilize oocytes. Use of extended semen in the system yielded 54% blastocysts and was applied in subsequent experiments. Transfer of three in vitro fertilization-produced blastocysts to recipient mares resulted in birth of three normal foals. When sperm were pre-incubated for 22\u00a0h, 47\u201379% of oocytes were fertilized after 1\u00a0h of co-incubation. Sperm pre-incubated for 15\u00a0min or 6\u00a0h before co-incubation yielded no fertilization at 1\u00a0h, suggesting that capacitation in this system requires between 6 and 22\u00a0h. Sperm assessed after 15\u00a0min, 6\u00a0h, or 22\u00a0h pre-incubation showed increasing protein tyrosine phosphorylation of the midpiece, equatorial band, and apical head; this pattern differed from that induced by high pH conditions and may denote functional equine sperm capacitation. Use of the final devised system, i.e., extended semen, with 22\u00a0h of sperm pre-incubation and 3\u00a0h of COC co-incubation, yielded 90% fertilization with a blastocyst rate of 74%. This is the first report of efficient and repeatable standard in vitro fertilization in the horse and the first report of in vitro production of blastocysts and resulting foals after in vitro fertilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T12:41:18Z","timestamp":1663245678000},"page":"1551-1564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Successful in vitro fertilization in the horse: production of blastocysts and birth of foals after prolonged sperm incubation for capacitation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Matheus R","family":"Felix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2014New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania , Kennett Square, PA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina M","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2014New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania , Kennett Square, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Dobbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2014New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania , Kennett Square, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Hinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2014New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania , Kennett Square, PA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040607031667600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13259","article-title":"Assisted reproductive techniques in mares","volume":"53","author":"Hinrichs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"2023040607031667600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103097","article-title":"Laboratory production of equine embryos","volume":"89","author":"Lazzari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"2023040607031667600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R233","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0420","article-title":"Why doesn't conventional IVF work in the horse? 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