{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1758124008887},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Endocrine disrupting chemicals are present in the environment and\/or in consumer products. These agents have the capacity to mimic and\/or antagonize endogenous hormones and thus perturb the endocrine axis. The male reproductive tract expresses steroid hormone (androgen and estrogen) receptors at high levels and is a major target for endocrine disrupting chemicals. In this study, Long\u2013Evans male rats were exposed to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and a chemical present in the environment, in drinking water at 0.1 and 10\u00a0\u03bcg\/L for 4 weeks. At the end of exposure, we measured steroid hormone secretion and analyzed steroidogenic proteins, including 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, aromatase, and the LH receptor. We also analyzed Leydig cell apoptosis (poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase) and caspase-3 in the testes. Testicular testosterone (T) and 17\u03b2-estradiol (E2) were both affected by exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene by displaying altered steroidogenic enzyme expression. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure also increased the expression of enzymes mediating the pathway for programmed cell death, including caspase 3, pro-caspase 3, PARP, and cleaved PARP. Altogether, the present results demonstrate that dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene directly and\/or indirectly can target specific proteins involved in steroid hormone production in the male gonad and suggest that exposure to environmentally relevant dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene levels has implications for male reproductive development and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioad045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T18:11:25Z","timestamp":1682619085000},"page":"65-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of chronic dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure on testosterone secretion and steroidogenic pathway in the male gonad"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Erica M","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas N","family":"Kavazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Auburn University , Auburn, AL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary T","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benson T","family":"Akingbemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy , Physiology and Pharmacology, , Auburn, AL , USA"},{"name":"Auburn University , Physiology and Pharmacology, , Auburn, AL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071322544508100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-003-0365-9","article-title":"Androgens and male 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