{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:38:26Z","timestamp":1792201106312,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) is a major cause of preterm birth and neonatal mortality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as a critical factor in the development of pPROM. Mitochondria are known to be the primary source of ROS and play a vital role in maintaining cellular function. The Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function. However, research exploring the impact of NRF2-regulated mitochondria on pPROM is limited. Therefore, we collected fetal membrane tissues from pPROM and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL) puerpera, measured the expression level of NRF2, and evaluated the degree of mitochondrial damage in both groups. In addition, we isolated human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) from the fetal membranes and used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress NRF2 expression, enabling us to evaluate the impact of NRF2 on mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Our findings indicated that the expression level of NRF2 in pPROM fetal membranes was significantly lower than in sPTL fetal membranes, accompanied by increased mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, after the inhibition of NRF2 in hAECs, the degree of mitochondrial damage was significantly exacerbated, along with a marked increase in both cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels. The regulation of the mitochondrial metabolic process via NRF2 in fetal membranes has the potential to influence ROS production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioad075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T23:58:39Z","timestamp":1689033519000},"page":"330-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 protects against reactive oxygen species -induced preterm premature rupture of membranes through regulation of mitochondria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Department of Clinical Laboratory, , Chongqing, 401147 , China"},{"name":"Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children Department of Clinical Laboratory, , Chongqing, 401147 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Department of Clinical Laboratory, , Chongqing, 401147 , China"},{"name":"Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children Department of Clinical Laboratory, , Chongqing, 401147 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linna","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , 401147 , China"},{"name":"Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , 401147 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , 401147 , China"},{"name":"Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , 401147 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , 401147 , China"},{"name":"Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , 401147 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Medical University Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, , 400016 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Department of Clinical Laboratory, , Chongqing, 401147 , China"},{"name":"Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children Department of Clinical Laboratory, , Chongqing, 401147 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003700","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin, number 217: prelabor rupture of membranes","volume":"135","author":"ACOG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.02.021","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF)","volume":"236","author":"Schmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001712","article-title":"Practice bulletin no. 172: premature rupture of membranes","volume":"128","author":"Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics ACoOaGCoP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00808-x","article-title":"Novel pathways of inflammation in human fetal membranes associated with preterm birth and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes","volume":"42","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aay1486","article-title":"Reversible EMT and MET mediate amnion remodeling during pregnancy and labor","volume":"13","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-060821-083306","article-title":"Mitochondria and inflammatory bowel diseases: toward a stratified therapeutic intervention","volume":"84","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-019-0738-x","article-title":"P66shc and its role in ischemic cardiovascular diseases","volume":"114","author":"Boengler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.76223","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control in ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref9","first-page":"e921757","article-title":"Regulation of Keap-1\/Nrf2 signaling pathway is activated by oxidative stress in patients with premature rupture of membranes","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.012","article-title":"Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes: a disease of the fetal membranes","volume":"41","author":"Menon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2019.10.004","article-title":"Fetal membranes, not a mere appendage of the placenta, but a critical part of the fetal-maternal interface controlling parturition","volume":"47","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2018.11.003","article-title":"Fetal membrane architecture, aging and inflammation in pregnancy and parturition","volume":"79","author":"Menon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.18","article-title":"The calcium-cancer signalling nexus","volume":"17","author":"Monteith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1603547","article-title":"Emerging views of mitophagy in immunity and autoimmune diseases","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.001","article-title":"Nrf2 for protection against oxidant generation and mitochondrial damage in cardiac injury","volume":"179","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2016.10.002","article-title":"The multifaceted role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function","volume":"1","author":"Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Toxicology"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03952-w","article-title":"Nrf2 activation induces mitophagy and reverses parkin\/Pink1 knock down-mediated neuronal and muscle degeneration phenotypes","volume":"12","author":"Gumeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.022","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates podocyte apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction by up-regulated Nrf2-ARE\/TFAM signaling in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"203","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.09.011","article-title":"Anatomy of the fetal membranes using optical coherence tomography: part 1","volume":"35","author":"Avila","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1888244","article-title":"Regulation of PRKN-independent mitophagy","volume":"18","author":"Tere\u0161ak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.02.009","article-title":"Quality control of the mitochondrion","volume":"56","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139135","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction drives persistent vascular fibrosis in rats after short-term exposure of PM2.5","volume":"733","author":"Ning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101168","article-title":"Mitochondria in ovarian aging and reproductive longevity","volume":"63","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17262","article-title":"Decrease of MtDNA copy number affects mitochondrial function and involves in the pathological consequences of ischaemic stroke","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803053381006","article-title":"Premature rupture of the fetal membranes","volume":"338","author":"Parry","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90096-3","article-title":"Extracellular matrix components synthesized by human amniotic epithelial cells in culture","volume":"19","author":"Alitalo","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gav074","article-title":"Oxidative stress damage-associated molecular signaling pathways differentiate spontaneous preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of the membranes","volume":"22","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1860542","article-title":"Targeting MCL1 to induce mitophagy is a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer disease","volume":"17","author":"Cen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Full-coverage regulations of autophagy by ROS: from induction to maturation","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maltol promotes mitophagy and inhibits oxidative stress via the Nrf2\/PINK1\/parkin pathway after spinal cord injury","volume":"2022","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.035","article-title":"Mitochondria: in sickness and in health","volume":"148","author":"Nunnari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102672","article-title":"Nrf2 regulates glucose uptake and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes","volume":"62","author":"Esteras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref33","article-title":"NRF2 and mitochondrial function in cancer and cancer stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Panieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0623","article-title":"NRF2 and diabetes: the good, the bad, and the complex","volume":"71","author":"Dodson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02264-2","article-title":"NRF2 is required for structural and metabolic maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ardiomyocytes","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1713640","article-title":"Autophagy drives fibroblast senescence through MTORC2 regulation","volume":"16","author":"Bernard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2023091509044393900_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.357","article-title":"Beneficial impact of term labor: nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve in the human fetus","volume":"189","author":"Buhimschi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioad075\/51051010\/ioad075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/109\/3\/330\/51523510\/ioad075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/109\/3\/330\/51523510\/ioad075.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T13:44:00Z","timestamp":1694785440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/109\/3\/330\/7222163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioad075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]}}}