{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:14:49Z","timestamp":1787008489881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2016-67015-24958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-67015-24958"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2018-67015-28093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-67015-28093"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fructose, the most abundant hexose sugar in fetal fluids and the blood of sheep and other ungulates and cetaceans, is synthesized from glucose via the polyol pathway in trophectoderm and chorion. However, the cell-specific and temporal expression of enzymes for the synthesis and metabolism of fructose in sheep conceptuses (embryo and placental membranes) and placentomes has not been characterized. This study characterized key enzymes involved in fructose synthesis and metabolism by ovine conceptuses throughout pregnancy. Day 17 conceptuses expressed mRNAs for the polyol pathway (SORD and AKR1B1) and glucose and fructose metabolism (HK1, HK2, G6PD, OGT, and FBP), but not those required for gluconeogenesis (G6Pase or PCK). Ovine placentomes also expressed mRNAs for SORD, AKR1B1, HK1, and OGT. Fructose can be metabolized via the ketohexokinase (KHK) pathway, and isoforms, KHK-A and KHK-C, were expressed in ovine conceptuses from Day 16 of pregnancy and placentomes during pregnancy in a cell-specific manner. The KHK-A protein was more abundant in the trophectoderm and cotyledons of placentomes, while KHK-C protein was more abundant in the endoderm of Day 16 conceptuses and the chorionic epithelium in placentomes. Expression of KHK mRNAs in placentomes was greatest at Day 30 of pregnancy (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), but not different among days later in gestation. These results provide novel insights into the synthesis and metabolism of fructose via the uninhibited KHK pathway in ovine conceptuses to generate ATP via the tricarboxylic cycle, as well as substrates for the pentose cycle, hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, and one-carbon metabolism required for conceptus development throughout pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T18:34:24Z","timestamp":1710614064000},"page":"148-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Metabolic pathways for glucose and fructose: I synthesis and metabolism of fructose by ovine conceptuses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Robyn M","family":"Moses","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Stenhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine M","family":"Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirvay","family":"Sah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily C","family":"Hoskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon E","family":"Washburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pathology, Texas A&M University , College Station Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuller W","family":"Bazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031900022832400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2013-0033","article-title":"Early pregnancy: concepts, challenges, and potential solutions","volume":"3","author":"Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"2025031900022832400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-3-23","article-title":"Uterine biology in pigs and sheep","volume":"3","author":"Bazer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025031900022832400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1071\/RD23119","article-title":"Understanding placentation in ruminants: a review focusing on cows and sheep","volume":"36","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"2025031900022832400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.071654","article-title":"Select nutrients in the ovine uterine lumen. 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