{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:40:49Z","timestamp":1791934849779,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Prediction of pregnancy survival in lactating dairy cows can be determined by the conceptus attachment timeframe via daily pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) monitoring. All factors contributing to reduced fertility in dairy cows receiving AI following estrus detection remain unclear. This study aimed to determine differences in time to conceptus attachment in lactating cows treated with the fertility program Double-Ovsynch compared to cows that were detected in estrus. Additionally, we investigated various pre- and post-conception factors potentially influencing fertility outcomes. We hypothesized that AI following a natural estrus detected with automated activity monitors would lead to an extended time to conceptus attachment and lower PSPB concentrations post-attachment compared to Double-Ovsynch. There were no differences in the average time to conceptus attachments between treatments. However, cows inseminated post-estrus that experienced pregnancy loss between conceptus attachment and 60\u201366\u00a0days post-AI exhibited diminished PSPB concentrations on Days 2 and 3 following conceptus attachment. Steroid hormone interactions were assessed with radioimmunoassay to determine the ratios of estrogen to progesterone concentrations on the day of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Notably, estrogen to progesterone ratio proved to predict conceptus attachment in cows subjected to Double-Ovsynch but not in those inseminated post-estrus detection surge. In conclusion, the estrogen to progesterone ratio measured around the time of the pre-ovulatory LH surge emerges as a potentially effective tool for estimating the fertility potential of lactating dairy cows undergoing timed AI, particularly in the context of the Double-Ovsynch program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T10:12:50Z","timestamp":1719310370000},"page":"919-930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Estrogen to progesterone ratio is associated with conceptus attachment in dairy cows receiving artificial insemination after Double-Ovsynch but not estrus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Thain\u00e1","family":"Minela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisson","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Richard","family":"Pursley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8507","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13210","article-title":"Fertility of lactating Holstein cows submitted to a double-Ovsynch protocol and timed artificial insemination versus artificial insemination after synchronization of estrus at a similar day in milk range","volume":"100","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6476","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22673","article-title":"Effect of reproductive management programs that prioritized artificial insemination at detected estrus or timed artificial insemination on the reproductive performance of primiparous Holstein cows of different genetic merit for fertility","volume":"106","author":"Sitko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.037","article-title":"Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Wiltbank","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001590305","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of implantation in the cow","volume":"159","author":"Wathes","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22553","article-title":"Time to increase in pregnancy-specific protein B following artificial insemination is a direct determinant of subsequent pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows","volume":"106","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.10.014","article-title":"Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) throughout pregnancy in the cow: possible functional implications","volume":"26","author":"Wooding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod26.5.925","article-title":"Detection and partial characterization of two pregnancy-specific proteins","volume":"26","author":"Butler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2024101506315067800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2021-0198","article-title":"Dairy heifers have an earlier increase in serum pregnancy-specific protein B compared with lactating dairy cows. 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