{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:56:50Z","timestamp":1789829810844,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21H05033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H05033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD088412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD088412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There are approximately 20\u00a0000 protein-coding genes in humans and mice. More than 1000 of these genes are predominantly expressed in the testis or are testis-specific and thought to play an important role in male reproduction. Through the production of gene knockout mouse models and phenotypic evaluations, many genes essential for spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and fertilization have been discovered, greatly contributing to the elucidation of their molecular mechanisms. On the other hand, there are many cases in which single-gene knockout models do not affect fertility, indicating that tissue-specific genes are not always critical. Here, we selected 18 genes whose mRNA expression is restricted to the testis or higher than in other tissues, but whose function in male reproduction is unknown. We then created single-gene KO mouse models using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system. The established KO males were subjected to mating tests and screened for effects on fecundity, revealing that these genes were not essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. This knowledge will contribute to understanding the functions of genes characteristic of the testis and identify the cause of male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T05:44:40Z","timestamp":1722836680000},"page":"1071-1081","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Eighteen genes primarily expressed in the testis are not required for male fertility in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Kaito","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Hiradate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Ikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111511470260600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12336","article-title":"Genetic disorders and male infertility","volume":"19","author":"Kuroda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"2024111511470260600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.08.006","article-title":"Male infertility: pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Krausz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol 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localizes calcineurin to the mitochondria and regulates sperm motility in mice","volume":"118","author":"Miyata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024111511470260600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2221762120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221762120","article-title":"TSKS localizes to nurge in spermatids and regulates cytoplasmic elimination during spermiation","volume":"120","author":"Shimada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024111511470260600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5134","article-title":"NELL2-mediated lumicrine signaling through OVCH2 is required for male fertility","volume":"368","author":"Kiyozumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024111511470260600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37984-x","article-title":"A small secreted protein NICOL regulates lumicrine-mediated sperm maturation 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