{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:12:42Z","timestamp":1785453162204,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Prematurity Research Center at the University of Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Hallam Hurt Endowed Professorship"},{"name":"March of Dimes Foundation Basil O\u2019Conner Award","award":["R01HD60723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD60723"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Placental dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). We investigated race (self-identified maternal race) and fetal sex differences in the placental metabolome and transcriptome associated with early SPTB (&amp;lt;32\u00a0weeks). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, acylcarnitines, acylglycerols, plasmalogens, and lysophospholipids were remarkably different between SPTB and Term placentas. These alterations were much more profound in Black than in White SPTB placentas. Mode of delivery and body mass index (BMI) had no effect on these differences. The lipid metabolic pathways disrupted in early SPTB placentas also exhibited fetal sex differences, particularly between Black male and Black female placentas. The expression of genes involved in multiple lipid metabolism regulating pathways (e.g., PI3K\/AKT signaling and phospholipase activity), especially eicosanoid synthesis and secretion, was significantly altered in early SPTB placentas. The race- and sex-specific changes in lipid metabolites and gene expression were consistent with inflammation in SPTB placentas, which was further supported by dysregulation of various inflammation and immune response pathways. These findings reveal race and fetal sex differences in lipid metabolism and inflammation in SPTB placentas and suggest greater dysfunction and inflammation in Black compared to White SPTB placentas, which may explain mechanisms underlying early SPTB and the risk of SPTB in different populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T10:29:18Z","timestamp":1744885758000},"page":"626-641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Race and sex differences in placental lipid metabolism are associated with spontaneous early preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chin","family":"Lien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8132-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia 19104, PA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Garifallou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca E","family":"Himes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia 19104, PA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia D","family":"Winn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94304 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome F","family":"Strauss III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United 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