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Developing strategies to improve embryonic development under heat stress is crucial for advancing the cattle breeding industry. This study evaluated the effects of a combined treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and melatonin (MT) (i.e., IGF1\u2009+\u2009CoQ10\u2009+\u2009MT) on oocyte competence and gene expression in the formed blastocysts. Bovine in vitro fertilization blastocysts were assessed under heat shock (41\u00b0C for 12\u00a0h) and control conditions (38.5\u00b0C). The combined supplementation of IGF1 (100\u00a0ng\/mL), CoQ10 (50\u00a0\u03bcM), and MT (1\u00a0\u03bcM) during in vitro maturation and in vitro culture improved oocyte quality and competence by reducing reactive oxygen species levels and apoptosis, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (\u0394\u03a8m), optimizing mitochondrial distribution, and upregulating quality-related genes. Heat shock decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, increased apoptosis, and affected gene expression related to development, apoptosis, ubiquitination, and autophagy, impacting blastocyst development. The combined treatment mitigated heat shock damage by enhancing ATP content, reducing apoptosis, and improving gene expression, thus improving blastocyst quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T07:33:23Z","timestamp":1748936003000},"page":"307-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combined treatment with IGF1, CoQ10, and melatonin improves the quality of bovine oocytes and heat-shocked blastocysts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9836-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, Beijing Municipality ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baigao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, Beijing Municipality ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Tianjin , Tianjin Municipality,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, Beijing Municipality ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, Beijing Municipality ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smhaa","family":"Gahallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Centre, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University , Aswan, Aswan Governorate ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zvi","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot, Central District ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences , Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, Beijing Municipality ,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences , Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ,","place":["P.R. 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