{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:34:02Z","timestamp":1790210042687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2022-67015-36491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-67015-36491"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD111463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD111463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03HD112581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03HD112581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM150985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM150985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009591","name":"North Carolina Agricultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["665143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["665143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009591","name":"North Carolina Agricultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["665163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["665163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007703","name":"North Carolina State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The peri-implantation period of pregnancy in pigs is characterized by rapid morphological transitions of the conceptus necessitating a precisely regulated uterine environment to support elongation, survival, and implantation. Uterine histotroph, composed of nutrients and signaling molecules secreted by or transported by endometrial epithelia, plays a central role in mediating these events. However, dynamic changes in the metabolic composition of uterine luminal fluid (ULF) during early pregnancy are incompletely defined. In this study, we performed stage-resolved, untargeted metabolomic profiling of ULF collected from cyclic and pregnant gilts on Days 10, 12, 14, and 16 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy (n\u2009=\u20092\u20136\/group). A total of 206 metabolites were identified, with amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates being the dominant classes. Principal component and supervised learning analyses revealed progressive divergence in ULF composition between pregnant and cyclic gilts with the most distinct profiles observed by Day 16. Notably, pregnancy induced substantial increases in amino acids associated with mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and trophectoderm proliferation, including arginine, glutamine, proline, lysine, and phenylalanine. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses identified gestational age-dependent activation of pathways involved in amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and phospholipid turnover. Metabolites such as phosphorylcholine, succinic acid, and asymmetric dimethylarginine increased markedly in pregnancy, suggesting coordinated regulation of membrane remodeling, energy production, and nitric oxide signaling. Targeted quantification of 19 amino acids revealed both linear and quadratic trends across time and pregnancy status, with distinct differences in glycine and serine trajectories between pregnant and cyclic ULF. Collectively, these findings describe the evolving biochemical landscape of the uterine lumen during early pregnancy and highlight key metabolic pathways that likely support conceptus development and uterine receptivity to implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T11:51:20Z","timestamp":1755777080000},"page":"1523-1538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Uterine histotroph and conceptus development. IV. Metabolomic analyses of uterine luminal fluid reveals regulatory landscapes during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Bangmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuller W","family":"Bazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2013.11.005","article-title":"Pig blastocyst-uterine interactions","volume":"87","author":"Bazer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref2","first-page":"425","article-title":"Pregnancy and parturition","volume":"57","author":"Bazer","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.4.941","article-title":"Establishment of pregnancy in the pig: II. Cellular remodeling of the porcine blastocyst during elongation on day 12 of pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Geisert","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.4.925","article-title":"Establishment of pregnancy in the pig: I. Interrelationships between preimplantation development of the pig blastocyst and uterine endometrial secretions","volume":"27","author":"Geisert","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.4.977","article-title":"Synthesis and release of polypeptides by pig conceptuses during the period of blastocyst elongation and attachment","volume":"27","author":"Godkin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2015.07.005","article-title":"Select nutrients and their effects on conceptus development in mammals","volume":"1","author":"Bazer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1975.4151376x","article-title":"Uterine protein secretions: relationship to development of the conceptus","volume":"41","author":"Bazer","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa098","article-title":"Steroids regulate SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 to deliver glucose into trophectoderm for metabolism via glycolysis","volume":"161","author":"Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR200239","article-title":"Regulation of placental nutrient transport and implications for fetal growth","volume":"15","author":"Bell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-156","article-title":"Board-invited review: intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences","volume":"84","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod39.5.999","article-title":"Uterine asynchrony: a cause of embryonic loss","volume":"39","author":"Pope","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.06.012","article-title":"L-arginine stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine trophectoderm cells","volume":"23","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.105080","article-title":"Arginine, leucine, and glutamine stimulate proliferation of porcine trophectoderm cells through the MTOR-RPS6K-RPS6-EIF4EBP1 signal transduction pathway","volume":"88","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802733-2.00016-5","volume-title":"Molecules to Medicine with mTOR","author":"Wang","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0860679","article-title":"An improved culture medium supports development of random-bred 1-cell mouse embryos in vitro","volume":"86","author":"Chatot","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85686-1_3","article-title":"A role for fructose metabolism in development of sheep and pig conceptuses","volume":"1354","author":"Moses","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-248757","article-title":"Functional role of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. I. Consequences of loss of function of arginine transporter SLC7A1 mRNA in ovine conceptus trophectoderm","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2013-0033","article-title":"Early pregnancy: concepts, challenges, and potential solutions","volume":"3","author":"Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9910051","article-title":"Composition of uterine flushings from large White and prolific Chinese Meishan gilts","volume":"3","author":"Bazer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.142174","article-title":"Fructose synthesis and transport at the uterine-placental Interface of pigs: cell-specific localization of SLC2A5, SLC2A8, and components of the polyol pathway","volume":"95","author":"Steinhauser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.5.1031","article-title":"Amino acid composition of the fetal pig","volume":"129","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-022-00256-z","article-title":"Urinary metabolomics reveals the biological characteristics of early pregnancy in pigs","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Porcine Health Manag"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23306","article-title":"Metabolic compounds within the porcine uterine environment are unique to the type of conceptus present during the early stages of blastocyst elongation","volume":"87","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093080","article-title":"Longitudinal plasma metabolomics profile in pregnancy-a study in an ethnically diverse U.S. pregnancy cohort","volume":"13","author":"Mitro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1256s","article-title":"Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnancy: normal compared with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"71","author":"Butte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31815a5494","article-title":"Metabolic changes in pregnancy","volume":"50","author":"Lain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106750","article-title":"Non-linear and non-additive associations between the pregnancy metabolome and birthweight","volume":"156","author":"Colicino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab021","article-title":"Conceptus metabolomic profiling reveals stage-specific phenotypes leading up to pregnancy recognition in cattledagger","volume":"104","author":"Simintiras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz101","article-title":"The biochemistry surrounding bovine conceptus elongationdagger","volume":"101","author":"Simintiras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref30","first-page":"672","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of progesterone-induced alterations in bovine uterine fluid amino acid and carbohydrate composition during the conceptus elongation windowdagger","volume":"100","author":"Simintiras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44590-9","article-title":"The pre-hatching bovine embryo transforms the uterine luminal metabolite composition in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Sponchiado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz197","article-title":"Analysis of the uterine lumen in fertility-classified heifers: II. Proteins and metabolites\u2020","volume":"102","author":"Moraes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab053","article-title":"Insights into the lipidome and primary metabolome of the uterus from day 14 cyclic and pregnant sheepdagger","volume":"105","author":"O'Neil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101456","article-title":"A proteomic atlas of ligand-receptor interactions at the ovine maternal-fetal interface reveals the role of histone lactylation in uterine remodeling","volume":"298","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-022-00287-8","article-title":"(13)C tracer analysis suggests extensive recycling of endogenous CO(2) in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Metab"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-022-01913-8","article-title":"Prioritize biologically relevant ions for data-independent acquisition (BRI-DIA) in LC-MS\/MS-based lipidomics analysis","volume":"18","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-024-02113-2","article-title":"Data-dependent and -independent acquisition lipidomics analysis reveals the tissue-dependent effect of metformin on lipid metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Scheidemantle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref38","first-page":"298183","article-title":"Random forest in clinical metabolomics for phenotypic discrimination and biomarker selection","volume":"2013","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab382","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 5.0: narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights","volume":"49","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2016.00030","article-title":"Feature selection methods for early predictive biomarker discovery using untargeted metabolomic data","volume":"3","author":"Grissa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2011-019","article-title":"Select nutrients in the uterine lumen of sheep and pigs affect conceptus development","volume":"58","author":"Bazer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00140","article-title":"Selected amino acids promote mouse pre-implantation embryo development in a growth factor-like manner","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200102000-00004","article-title":"Amino acid interconversions in the fetal-placental unit: the animal model and human studies in vivo","volume":"49","author":"Cetin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22809","article-title":"Functional amino acids in the development of the pig placenta","volume":"84","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-10-0533","article-title":"Increase of essential amino acids in the bovine uterine lumen during preimplantation development","volume":"141","author":"Groebner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.137943","article-title":"Uterine Histotroph and conceptus development. II. Arginine and secreted phosphoprotein 1 cooperatively stimulate migration and adhesion of ovine trophectoderm cells via focal adhesion-MTORC2 mediated cytoskeleton reorganization","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref47","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Production and utilization of amino acids by ovine placenta in vivo","volume":"274","author":"Chung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74180-8_2","article-title":"Amino acids in cell Signaling: regulation and function","volume":"1332","author":"Paudel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001422","article-title":"Changes in piglet tissue composition at birth in response to increasing maternal intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are non-linear","volume":"86","author":"Rooke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2007.295","article-title":"Functional amino acids and fatty acids for enhancing production performance of sows and piglets","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Australas J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa045","article-title":"Fatty acid induced lipolysis influences embryo development, gene expression and lipid droplet formation in the porcine cumulus cellsdagger","volume":"103","author":"Pawlak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02888-6","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of human embryo nutrient consumption as a measure of developmental potential","volume":"76","author":"Gardner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7313","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.13.7313","article-title":"GLUT8 is a glucose transporter responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the blastocyst","volume":"97","author":"Carayannopoulos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.142281","article-title":"Functional roles of fructose: crosstalk between O-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation of Akt-TSC2-MTOR cell Signaling Cascade in ovine trophectoderm cells","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204298109","article-title":"Functional roles of fructose","volume":"109","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.02.004","article-title":"mTOR: a placental growth signaling sensor","volume":"26","author":"Wen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0198-9","article-title":"Glucosamine supplementation during late gestation alters placental development and increases litter size","volume":"8","author":"Vallet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201907022","article-title":"The complexity of the serine glycine one-carbon pathway in cancer","volume":"219","author":"Reina-Campos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2020.5158","article-title":"Serine, glycine and one-carbon metabolism in cancer (review)","volume":"58","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-13304-4","article-title":"Redox homeostasis of one-carbon metabolism-dependent reprogramming is critical for RCC progression under exogenous serine\/glycine-deprived conditions","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b33392","article-title":"Asymmetric dimethylarginine in the maternal and Fetal circulation in preeclampsia","volume":"66","author":"Braekke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref62","article-title":"Effects of mid-gestational l-citrulline supplementation to twin-bearing ewes on umbilical blood flow, placental development, and lamb production traits. Translational","volume":"5","author":"Kott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Sci"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.121202","article-title":"Functional role of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. II. Consequences of loss of function of nitric oxide synthase NOS3 mRNA in ovine conceptus trophectoderm","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121605122338100_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.125989","article-title":"Functional roles of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. III. Arginine stimulates proliferation and interferon tau production by ovine trophectoderm cells via nitric oxide and polyamine-TSC2-MTOR signaling pathways","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf192\/64101689\/ioaf192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/113\/6\/1523\/64101689\/ioaf192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/113\/6\/1523\/64101689\/ioaf192.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:12:45Z","timestamp":1765879965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/113\/6\/1523\/8239142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf192","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]}}}