{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:14:16Z","timestamp":1784175256360,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amniotic fluid (AF) profiling provides a minimally invasive window into early fetal physiology. We characterized the AF metabolome from first trimester (Day 68) Holstein dairy heifers (n\u2009=\u200945), considering fetal sex, conception method [in vitro fertilization vs. artificial insemination (AI)], and eventual pregnancy outcome as key variables. Multivariate statistics uncovered differentially abundant metabolites for each comparison\u2014including markers that preceded spontaneous abortion\u2014independently of recipient age, weight, gestation length, or fetal genetics. Thereafter, a machine learning algorithm using panels of six metabolites accurately predicted fetal sex (AUROC\u2009=\u20090.76; P\u00a0=\u20090.023) and pregnancy viability (AUROC\u2009=\u20090.81; P\u00a0=\u20090.018), while corroborating conception method (AUROC\u2009=\u20090.91; P\u00a0=\u20090.001). External validation using AF (Day 42) from an independent cohort of beef heifers (n\u2009=\u200922) reproduced the fetal sex classifier with similarly high sensitivity and specificity (AUROC\u2009=\u20090.85, P\u00a0=\u20090.029). These findings reveal metabolic signatures that forecast fetal sex and pregnancy viability, while confirming distinct metabolic imprints of assisted-conception modalities. These data lay the groundwork for next-generation AF prenatal diagnostics in veterinary and human obstetrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T11:46:48Z","timestamp":1760788008000},"page":"998-1017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Amniotic fluid metabolic biomarkers of fetal physiology and pregnancy success"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8666-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor A","family":"Absal\u00f3n-Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ST Genetics, Ohio Heifer Center , South Charleston, OH ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo V","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ST Genetics, Ohio Heifer Center , South Charleston, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela C","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ST Genetics , Navasota, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa C","family":"Fricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ST Genetics, Ohio Heifer Center , South Charleston, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iebu","family":"Devkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary L","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dailin M","family":"Fuego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Reproduction Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria B","family":"Rabaglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Matsakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Vourekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9832-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocio M","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6094-771X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Lonergan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo J","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ST Genetics , Navasota, TX 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