{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:02:53Z","timestamp":1787968973418,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The maternal-fetal interface comprises trophoblast cells, immune cells, decidual cells, and various other cellular components that collectively contribute to the maintenance of 1immune homeostasis through the secretion of specific cytokines and hormones. Inflammation plays a crucial role in successful embryo implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and parturition; however, it also exhibits a dual role in reproduction and pregnancy. Excessive activation of inflammatory processes, conversely, may have detrimental effects on pregnancy outcomes. Research has demonstrated that elevated levels of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in maternal circulation correlate with negative pregnancy outcomes, including unexplained recurrent miscarriage, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia (PE). Furthermore, HMGB1 functions by activating the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway through its interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which subsequently enhances the expression of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2), and TNF-\u03b1, thereby contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Collectively, this evidence positions HMGB1 as a potential biomarker for these negative pregnancy results. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which HMGB1 acts as an inflammatory regulatory factor in various adverse pregnancy outcomes and to investigate the potential therapeutic value of HMGB1 antagonists as candidate agents for the prevention and treatment of preterm birth (PB) and inflammatory damage, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for developing intervention strategies targeting HMGB1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:44:55Z","timestamp":1761655495000},"page":"687-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HMGB1 as a trigger for inflammatory storms: a potential biomarker for adverse pregnancy outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Fangbin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000 ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000 ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5626-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingliang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000 ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03026.x","article-title":"A new group of chromatin-associated proteins with a high content of acidic and basic amino acids","volume":"38","author":"Goodwin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101451","article-title":"Interactions of HMGB proteins with the genome and the impact on disease","volume":"11","author":"Voong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2006.12.001","article-title":"HMG chromosomal proteins in development and disease","volume":"17","author":"Hock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2009.09.001","article-title":"Nuclear functions of the HMG proteins","volume":"1799","author":"Reeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0306164","article-title":"DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger","volume":"81","author":"Bianchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-017-0182-x","article-title":"HMGB proteins and arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)01777-1","article-title":"Revised nomenclature for high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins","volume":"26","author":"Bustin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050789","article-title":"HMGB in mollusk Crassostrea ariakensis Gould: structure, pro-inflammatory cytokine function characterization and anti-infection role of its antibody","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2174\/1574892814666190919152001","article-title":"HMGA and cancer: a review on patent literatures","volume":"14","author":"De Martino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22598","article-title":"HMGB factors are required for posterior digit development through integrating signaling pathway activities","volume":"240","author":"Itou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.03.048","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 protein, a cue for stem cell recruitment","volume":"68","author":"Palumbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2024.119044","article-title":"HMGB2 promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation through PPAR-\u03b3\/ PGC-1\u03b1 pathway-mediated glucose changes in aortic dissection","volume":"399","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.09.017","article-title":"HMGB2 promotes the malignancy of human gastric cancer and indicates poor survival outcome","volume":"84","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i48.7319","article-title":"High mobility group-box 3 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of resected gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5979","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S181742","article-title":"High mobility group box 3 as an emerging biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048921","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1048921","article-title":"Overexpression of HMGB3 and its prognostic value in breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32960","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32960","article-title":"HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Rouhiainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.070243","article-title":"HMGB4, a novel member of the HMGB family, is preferentially expressed in the mouse testis and localizes to the basal pole of elongating spermatids","volume":"80","author":"Catena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1159\/000492655","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 regulates uterine Decidualization through bone morphogenetic protein 2 and plays a role in Kruppel-like factor 5-induced stromal differentiation","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2024.100859","article-title":"Association of maternal blood high-mobility group box 1 levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.06.012","article-title":"HMGB1 regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular dysfunction in HTR8\/SVneo cells: implications for the role of HMGB1 in unexplained spontaneous miscarriage","volume":"112","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-015-0493-3","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 protein polymorphism affects susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss by up-regulating gene expression in chorionic villi","volume":"32","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.02.013","article-title":"High mobility group-box 1 (HMGB1) levels are increased in amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic inflammation-determined preterm birth, and the source may be the damaged fetal membranes","volume":"81","author":"Baumbusch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02236-1","article-title":"Alarmins and their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion: insights for therapeutic intervention","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-025-01817-7","article-title":"Increased trophoblast cell Ferroptosis via HMGB1\/ACSL4 pathway is associated with spontaneous abortion","volume":"32","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1918084","article-title":"Upregulated HMGB1 levels in maternal-fetal interface of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion from different sources","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100891","article-title":"Placental membrane aging and HMGB1 signaling associated with human parturition","volume":"8","author":"Menon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging (US)"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117543","article-title":"Destruction in maternal-fetal interface of URSA patients via the increase of the HMGB1-RAGE\/TLR2\/TLR4-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"250","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782792","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.782792","article-title":"Inhibition of HMGB1 ameliorates the maternal-fetal Interface destruction in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by suppressing Pyroptosis activation","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38375-4","article-title":"Diacerein ameliorates cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis in rat via modulating HMGB1\/RAGE\/NF-\u03baB\/JNK pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"13","author":"Abdelfattah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18542","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18542","article-title":"The effect of the HMGB1\/RAGE\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signalling pathway in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and its relationship with toxoplasmosis","volume":"28","author":"Soyt\u00fcrk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238785","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1238785","article-title":"HMGB1: a double-edged sword and therapeutic target in the female reproductive system","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914030","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.914030","article-title":"Low-dose aspirin protects unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion via downregulation of HMGB1 inflammation activation","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21903","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21903","article-title":"Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prevents hypoxic trophoblast-induced endothelial cell dysfunction via targeting HMGB1 release","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2017.05.002","article-title":"Ligands of toll-like receptors 2\/4 differentially alter markers of inflammation, adhesion and angiogenesis by monocytes from women with pre-eclampsia in co-culture with endothelial cells","volume":"121","author":"Al-ofi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.087","article-title":"SIRT1 inhibits releases of HMGB1 and HSP70 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells caused by IL-6 and the serum from a preeclampsia patient and protects the cells from death","volume":"88","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0319-4","article-title":"Inflammatory pattern recognition receptors and their ligands: factors contributing to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia","volume":"60","author":"Sado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00975.x","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in the placenta and in serum in preeclampsia","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2012.04.236","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): a pathogenic role in preeclampsia?","volume":"2","author":"Pradervand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02662.x","article-title":"The novel inflammatory cytokine high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is expressed by human term placenta","volume":"122","author":"Holmlund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.06.001","article-title":"Increased expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the cytoplasm of placental syncytiotrophoblast from preeclamptic placentae","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.12.003","article-title":"Peripheral RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation Endproducts)-ligands in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia: novel markers of inflammatory response","volume":"93","author":"Naruse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2024.01.016","article-title":"Altered release of thrombomodulin and HMGB1 in the placenta complicated with preeclampsia","volume":"148","author":"Oda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.06.002","article-title":"Thrombomodulin promotes placental function by up-regulating placental growth factor via inhibition of high-mobility-group box 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1","volume":"111","author":"Oda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.310940","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 from hypoxic trophoblasts promotes endothelial microparticle production and thrombophilia in preeclampsia","volume":"38","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2018.07.001","article-title":"Preeclampsia serum induces human glomerular vascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability via the HMGB1-Caveolin-1 pathway","volume":"129","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5000","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303445","article-title":"Hypoxic trophoblast HMGB1 induces endothelial cell Hyperpermeability via the TRL-4\/Caveolin-1 pathway","volume":"193","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03021-z","article-title":"Association between high-mobility group box 1 levels and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10861-1","article-title":"Second-trimester serum high mobility group box-1 and uterine artery Doppler to predict preeclampsia","volume":"12","author":"Wairachpanich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602622","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1602622","article-title":"Predictive value of serum sortilin, HMGB1, and galanin-like peptide for gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2013.815347","article-title":"AGEs, contributors to placental bed vascular changes leading to preeclampsia","volume":"47","author":"Guedes-Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4570715","article-title":"Elevated serum level of HMGB1 in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"2017","author":"Manganelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5462","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215462","article-title":"Involvement of receptor for advanced glycation Endproducts in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Akasaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000530006","article-title":"Expression of HMGB1-TLR4 in placentas from preeclamptic pregnancies and its effect on proliferation and invasion of HTR-8\/SVneo cells","volume":"88","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2018.10.011","article-title":"Placental inflammation by HMGB1 activation of TLR4 at the syncytium","volume":"72-73","author":"Tangeras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e926924","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.926924","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) improves anti-Angiogenic state, cell viability, and hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction by downregulating high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in preeclampsia","volume":"26","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monitor"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01304-x","article-title":"Cross-talk between fetal membranes and visceral adipose tissue involves HMGB1-RAGE and VIP-VPAC2 pathways in human gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"56","author":"Santangelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.02.007","article-title":"Association between maternal serum high mobility group box 1 levels and pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"26","author":"Giacobbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Carbiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2451-2223","article-title":"The Immunohistochemical and bioinformatics analysis of the placental expressions of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) proteins in gestational diabetic mothers","volume":"229","author":"Oglak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Z Geburtsh Neonat"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-023-01196-3","article-title":"Investigating the potential mechanisms of Ferroptosis and autophagy in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes","volume":"82","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13175","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13175","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 at the time of parturition in women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"82","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"McIntyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.4.10307","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Alfadhli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3833","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612827666210125155428","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus pharmacological prevention and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Chatzakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1121","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1121","article-title":"Targeting toll-like receptor-4 to tackle preterm birth and fetal inflammatory injury","volume":"9","author":"Robertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113799","article-title":"HMGB1 promotes a p38MAPK associated non-infectious inflammatory response pathway in human fetal membranes","volume":"9","author":"Bredeson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00609","article-title":"Study of sRAGE, HMGB1, AGE, and S100A8\/A9 concentrations in plasma and in serum-extracted extracellular vesicles of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"11","author":"Bouvier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13330","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13330","article-title":"Inappropriate activation of invariant natural killer T cells and antigen-presenting cells with the elevation of HMGB1 in preterm births without acute chorioamnionitis","volume":"85","author":"Kato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04764-2","article-title":"Clarithromycin prevents preterm birth and neonatal mortality by dampening alarmin-induced maternal-fetal inflammation in mice","volume":"22","author":"Galaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.591460","article-title":"Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM: a study of the alarmin HMGB1","volume":"24","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12443","article-title":"Intra-amniotic administration of HMGB1 induces spontaneous preterm labor and birth","volume":"75","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2016.1214260","article-title":"Alarmin high mobility group box-1 in maternal serum as a potential biomarker of chorioamnionitis-associated preterm birth","volume":"33","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00196","article-title":"Programmed fetal membrane senescence and exosome-mediated signaling: a mechanism associated with timing of human parturition","volume":"8","author":"Menon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.09.010","article-title":"High-mobility group box protein 1 and its signaling receptors in human preterm and term cervix","volume":"84","author":"Dubicke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2018.02.008","article-title":"HMGB1-RAGE signaling pathway in pPROM","volume":"57","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.13181\/mji.oa.226099","article-title":"RAGE and HMGB1 expressions in fetal membranes of premature rupture of membranes patients","volume":"31","author":"Sudiarta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med J Indones"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.144139","article-title":"HMGB1 induces an inflammatory response in the Chorioamniotic membranes that is partially mediated by the Inflammasome","volume":"95","author":"Plazyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609476","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.609476","article-title":"Relationship between pregnancy and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a single-case study","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det461","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in human uterine fluid and its relevance in implantation","volume":"29","author":"Bhutada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112617","article-title":"Gestational exposure to PM2.5 leads to cognitive dysfunction in mice offspring via promoting HMGB1-NLRP3 axis mediated hippocampal inflammation","volume":"223","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotox Environ Safe"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76155-w","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin ameliorates colorectal cancer progression by regulating NHEJ pathway through inhibiting HMGB1-induced DNA damage response","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2019.04.006","article-title":"Anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody therapy for a wide range of CNS and PNS diseases","volume":"140","author":"Nishibori","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.11.005","article-title":"Recombinant HMGB1 a box protein inhibits Th17 responses in mice with neutrophilic asthma by suppressing dendritic cell-mediated Th17 polarization","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.2899","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus-mediated colonic secretory expression of HMGB1 a box attenuates experimental colitis in mice","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2020.10.007","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin potentially suppresses the inflammatory response in preeclampsia rat model","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.10.002","article-title":"Vitamin D decreases expression of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in placental explants from women with preeclampsia cultured with hydrogen peroxide","volume":"83","author":"Nunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2026031706260677500_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22111997","article-title":"The HMGB1\/RAGE pro-inflammatory Axis in the human placenta: modulating effect of low molecular weight heparin","volume":"22","author":"Zenerino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf243\/65023954\/ioaf243.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/114\/3\/687\/8305722","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/114\/3\/687\/8305722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:26:13Z","timestamp":1773743173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/114\/3\/687\/8305722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]}}}