{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T14:07:18Z","timestamp":1771423638268,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Non-receptive endometrium is one major cause of female fertility defects. While transcriptomic analyses have illuminated gene expression changes, the role of dynamic phosphoproteomic modifications remains under-investigated. We profiled the proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of the human endometrium during the establishment of endometrial receptivity at pre-receptive LH\u2009+\u20095, receptive LH\u2009+\u20097 and LH\u2009+\u20099 in which thousands of proteins and phosphor sites displayed dynamic changes. Among them, GSK3\u03b2 protein levels were constant but Thr390 phosphorylation in human endometrium were increased from LH\u2009+\u20095 to LH\u2009+\u20097 and LH\u2009+\u20099, and reduced in the endometrial stroma of patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure. Knockdown of GSK3\u03b2 impaired the decidualization of primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) which can be rescued by wildtype GSK3\u03b2 but not T390A mutant GSK3\u03b2. Through the analysis of our endometrial phosphoproteome, siP38\u03b1 knockdown in HESCs, and uterine specific P38\u03b1 knockout mice, we identified GSK3\u03b2 Thr390 was mainly phosphorylated by P38\u03b1, whose deficiency was also detrimental to stroma decidualization. RNA-Seq analysis of HESCs indicated FOXO1 as the key transcription factor that mediated the conserved transcriptomic changes during decidualization by the siGSK3\u03b2 and siP38\u03b1 treatment. Further analysis indicated GSK3\u03b2 knockdown shifted FOXO1 out of the nucleus and reduced the total protein levels of FOXO1. More interestingly, FOXO1 overexpression mitigates the decidualization defects caused by GSK3\u03b2 deficiency. This study describes dynamic phosphorylation events during endometrial receptivity and highlights the critical role of P38\u03b1-dependent GSK3\u03b2 Thr390 phosphorylation in endometrial decidualization. These findings offer mechanistic insight into potential therapeutic targets for enhancing endometrial receptivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:00:43Z","timestamp":1765544443000},"page":"626-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The phosphoproteomic analysis of human endometrium reveals the regulatory roles of GSK3\n                    <b>\u03b2<\/b>\n                    thr390 phosphorylation in endometrial decidualization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Jinjin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Human Reproductive Function Remodeling Engineering Center , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008 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