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A total of 60 semen samples were collected from Duroc boars and randomly assigned to 6 light treatment procedures and a control. Among these, Procedure #1 (red light for 13\u00a0min\u2014dark for 10\u00a0min\u2014red light for 13\u00a0min) significantly improved sperm motility indicators, particularly reducing the amplitude of lateral head displacement and enhancing beat-cross frequency over time (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that this procedure preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and acrosome integrity. A large-scale field trial involving 1499 sows across four breeds demonstrated that insemination using red light-treated semen (Procedure #1) significantly increased pregnancy and delivery rates in Large White and Yorkshire sows, along with higher litter birth weight, total number born, and number born alive (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Untargeted liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics identified 60 differential metabolites and revealed distinct clustering between treated and control groups. Enrichment and receiver operating characteristic analyses highlighted key altered pathways, including retinol metabolism, fatty acid degradation, sphingolipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Metabolites such as vitamin A, palmitoylcarnitine, psychosine, and prostaglandin E2 showed potential as biomarkers of red-light exposure. These findings suggest that optimized red LED exposure enhances boar semen quality and sow reproductive outcomes by modulating sperm motility and metabolic profiles, offering a novel strategy to improve reproductive efficiency in swine production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioag114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:44:10Z","timestamp":1779968650000},"page":"619-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved reproductive outcomes and metabolomic profiles in swine induced by red light-treated semen"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China (Guangxi)-Vietnam Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Pig Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi-University , Nanning ,","place":["PR China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guangxi Agricultural Engineering Vocational and Technical College , Nanning ,","place":["PR China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China (Guangxi)-Vietnam Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Pig Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi-University , Nanning ,","place":["PR China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Quansheng Biological Technology Co. , Ltd, Shenzhen, PR","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China (Guangxi)-Vietnam Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Pig Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi-University , Nanning ,","place":["PR China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd. , Guigang ,","place":["PR 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