{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:03:22Z","timestamp":1792785802271,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang A&F University Talent Initiative Project","award":["2022LFR066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LFR066"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02vj4rn06","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32402753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32402753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ24C170001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ24C170001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04aqat463","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a known reproductive toxicant, but the mechanisms underlying age-dependent susceptibility in the testis remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated how DBP exposure differentially affects testicular homeostasis in juvenile (3-week-old) versus adult (12-week-old) male mice, with a focus on autophagy regulation and its functional consequences for spermatogenesis. Juvenile and adult mice were orally administered DBP at 100 or 500\u00a0mg\/kg\/day for 35\u00a0days. We found that juvenile mice exhibited significantly greater testicular injury than adults, characterized by severe disruption of the seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cell vacuolization, and compromised blood-testis barrier integrity. Mechanistically, DBP suppressed testicular autophagy\u2014evidenced by reduced LC3-II\/I ratio and nuclear translocation of TFEB\u2014particularly in juvenile animals, leading to impaired mitochondrial quality control and accumulation of damaged organelles. Autophagy impairment was accompanied by robust NLRP3 inflammasome activation, elevated NF-\u03baB phosphorylation, and diminished antioxidant capacity. Functionally, these molecular alterations were associated with decreased serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, germ cell loss, and disrupted spermatogenic progression. Our findings demonstrate that autophagy serves as a critical protective mechanism in the developing testis, and its disruption underlies the heightened vulnerability of juvenile males to DBP-induced reproductive toxicity. These results advance our understanding of how environmental stressors perturb testicular physiology during critical windows of postnatal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioag120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:46:30Z","timestamp":1780659990000},"page":"986-1004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-dependent testicular autophagy disruption mediates juvenile susceptibility to dibutyl phthalate-induced reproductive toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1860-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaming","family":"Xi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5304-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091602221519400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00423","article-title":"Plastic and human health: a micro 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