{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:45:19Z","timestamp":1792046719817,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beckman Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HD108075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HD108075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The female reproductive system is a hormonally driven, immune-active, and structurally dynamic system in which estrogen signaling, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling interact to support essential reproductive processes. Cyclical changes in hormone levels, inflammation, and ECM turnover are essential for normal physiology, but dysregulation of these processes can give rise to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction across multiple reproductive tissues. Chronic immune activation, abnormal estrogen signaling, and maladaptive ECM remodeling engage in positive feedback loops that drive pathologies such as endometriosis, cervicitis, uterine fibroids, and intrauterine adhesions. Integrating preclinical rodent models with clinical findings, this review synthesizes current knowledge on the individual and interconnected roles of inflammation, estrogen signaling, and ECM remodeling and highlights diagnostic tools to improve early detection and therapy. The highlight of diagnostic tools focuses on emerging non-invasive imaging modalities, particularly magnetic resonance-based techniques, for in vivo visualization and quantification of inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue biomechanics in the female reproductive system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioag156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:05:54Z","timestamp":1784721954000},"page":"1032-1047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inflammation, estrogen, and matrix remodeling in female reproductive health: from crosstalk mechanisms to translational diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5317-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liya","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibhav","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranav","family":"Volety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly A","family":"Lockard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley P","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, LLC , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, LLC , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayelet","family":"Ziv-Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, LLC , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M","family":"Damon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6032-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indrani C","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, LLC , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Wagoner Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, LLC , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Mechanical Science and Engineering, Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00075","article-title":"Ovulation: parallels with inflammatory processes","volume":"40","author":"Duffy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy026","article-title":"The estrogen-macrophage interplay in the homeostasis of the female reproductive tract","volume":"24","author":"Pepe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394445-0.00007-2","article-title":"Reproductive tract changes during the mouse estrous cycle","author":"Bertolin","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8682","article-title":"Gender disparity in the funding of diseases by the U.S. National Institutes of Health","volume":"30","author":"Mirin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00253-7","article-title":"Funding research on women\u2019s health","volume":"2","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Bioeng"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.03.008","article-title":"Sex related differences in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis","volume":"222","author":"Garate-Carrillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab050","article-title":"Inflammation and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Velez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-24-0197","article-title":"The effect of chronic inflammation on female fertility","volume":"169","author":"Ameho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2021.801843","article-title":"Mechanisms of Scarless repair at time of menstruation: insights from mouse models","volume":"3","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Reprod Heal"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784578","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2021.784578","article-title":"The spiny mouse\u2014a menstruating rodent to build a bridge from bench to bedside","volume":"3","author":"Bellofiore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Reprod Heal"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11836-4_2","article-title":"Female reproductive systems: hormone dependence and receptor expression","volume":"1390","author":"Kuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108330087","article-title":"Inflammation in reproductive disorders","volume":"16","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0247","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways in female reproductive health and disease","volume":"138","author":"Jabbour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22285","article-title":"Cytokines in ovarian folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and luteinisation","volume":"81","author":"Field","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv038","article-title":"Menstrual physiology: implications for endometrial pathology and beyond","volume":"21","author":"Maybin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.08.006","article-title":"Prostaglandin receptor signalling and function in human endometrial pathology","volume":"15","author":"Jabbour","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1994.1040","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and endometrial remodelling","volume":"18","author":"Salamonsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13990","article-title":"The cytokine profile of menstrual blood","volume":"100","author":"Crona Guterstam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.16.2.121.129","article-title":"Endometrial expression and secretion of interleukin-6 throughout the menstrual cycle","volume":"16","author":"Von Wolff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1038","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1038","article-title":"A cross-sectional study comparing the inflammatory profile of menstrual effluent vs. peripheral blood","volume":"6","author":"Naseri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heal Sci Reports"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.199577","article-title":"Cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration","volume":"148","author":"Salamonsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70553-2","article-title":"Increased interleukin-6 levels in peritoneal fluid of infertile patients with active endometriosis","volume":"176","author":"Harada","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.1.40","article-title":"Interleukin-8 concentration in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis and modulation of interleukin-8 expression in human mesothelial cells","volume":"2","author":"Arici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.590823","article-title":"Pain in endometriosis","volume":"14","author":"Maddern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0069","article-title":"Molecular regulators of resolution of inflammation: potential therapeutic targets in the reproductive system","volume":"142","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.041","article-title":"Endometriosis: Etiology, pathobiology, and therapeutic prospects","volume":"184","author":"Saunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17973","article-title":"Time to diagnose endometriosis: current status, challenges and regional characteristics\u2014a systematic literature review","volume":"132","author":"De Corte","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.02.012","article-title":"A committee opinion","volume":"101","author":"Treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/191967","article-title":"Medical treatments for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain","volume":"2014","author":"Zito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2014.916279","article-title":"Triptorelin for the treatment of endometriosis","volume":"15","author":"Leone Roberti Maggiore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.17119","article-title":"An overview of treatments for endometriosis","volume":"313","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq031","article-title":"Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized evidence to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation in chronic pelvic pain","volume":"16","author":"Daniels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2014.04.002","article-title":"To excise or ablate endometriosis? A prospective randomized double-blinded trial after 5-year follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Healey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1630-4","article-title":"Treatment efficacy for pain complaints in women with endometriosis of the lesser pelvis after laparoscopic electroablation vs. CO2 laser ablation","volume":"30","author":"Posadzka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2174\/1573404813666170612114450","article-title":"Animal models in endometriosis Part-1: nonhuman primate models","volume":"14","author":"Slayden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Womens Heal Rev"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052332","article-title":"Cervicitis aetiology and case definition: a study in Australian women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics","volume":"92","author":"Lusk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00819-12","article-title":"Persistent mycoplasma genitalium infection of human endocervical epithelial cells elicits chronic inflammatory cytokine secretion","volume":"80","author":"McGowin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref38","article-title":"Inflammation: a protagonist in development of carcinogen induced cervical cancer in mice","volume":"57","author":"Mahapatra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw025","article-title":"Histological evidence of chronic mycoplasma genitalium-induced cervicitis in HIV-infected women: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"213","author":"Dehon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.77.6.402","article-title":"Mucinases and sialidases: their role in the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted infections in the female genital tract","volume":"77","author":"Wiggins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.08.008","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility","volume":"216","author":"Tsevat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.122","article-title":"The reproductive cycle is a pathogenic determinant during gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease in mice","volume":"9","author":"Islam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702005000100003","article-title":"Spontaneous inflammatory pelvic disease in adult non-castrated female rats treated with estrogen","volume":"9","author":"Ramos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00006-14","article-title":"Steroids alone or as adjunctive therapy with doxycycline fail to improve oviduct damage in mice infected with chlamydia muridarum","volume":"21","author":"Corr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101123","article-title":"Estrogen-receptor expression and function in female reproductive disease","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0001","article-title":"The complex role of estrogens in inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Straub","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41350","article-title":"The ovary: basic biology and clinical implications","volume":"120","author":"Richards","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.07.006","article-title":"Maternal\u2013fetal mechanisms underlying adaptation to hypoxia during early pregnancy","volume":"35","author":"Bagchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122182","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in embryo implantation and the immune response to pregnancy","volume":"128","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020253","article-title":"Role of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) in human embryo implantation: clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04874-x","article-title":"Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation and signaling pathways in fallopian tube epithelial cells by estrogen and progesterone","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/biology8010008","article-title":"Immunometabolic links between estrogen, adipose tissue and female reproductive metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Eaton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol-Basel"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/615917","article-title":"Estrogen signaling in metabolic inflammation","volume":"2014","author":"Monteiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4794","article-title":"Circulating and peritoneal fluid interleukin-6 levels and gene expression in pelvic endometriosis","volume":"14","author":"De Andrade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14010058","article-title":"The Estrogen\u2013immune Interface in endometriosis","volume":"14","author":"Greygoose","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1233883","article-title":"Lupus and recurrent pregnancy loss: the role of female sex hormones and B cells","volume":"14","author":"Valeff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1260","article-title":"Infiltrating macrophages induce ER\u03b1 expression through an IL17A-mediated epigenetic mechanism to sensitize endometrial cancer cells to estrogen","volume":"76","author":"Ning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749979","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.749979","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome activation of mast cells by Estrogen via the nuclear-initiated Signaling pathway contributes to the development of endometriosis","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.021","article-title":"The cycling and aging mouse female reproductive tract at single-cell resolution","volume":"187","author":"Winkler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112840","article-title":"Fibroblast memory in development, homeostasis and disease","volume":"10","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.124845","article-title":"Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression by estrogen in fibroblasts that are derived from the pelvic floor","volume":"187","author":"Moalli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14199","article-title":"Local oestrogen therapy modulates extracellular matrix and immune response in the vaginal tissue of post-menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"23","author":"Tyagi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.54844\/prm.2022.0142","article-title":"Extracellular matrix and extracellular matrix-derived materials in reproductive medicine","volume":"2","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta Reprod Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220938741","article-title":"The role of extracellular matrix in normal and pathological pregnancy: future applications of microphysiological systems in reproductive medicine","volume":"245","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050500","article-title":"Cellular turnover and extracellular matrix remodeling in female reproductive tissues: functions of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors","volume":"57","author":"Fata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.05.034","article-title":"The effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin, progesterone and oestradiol on trophoblast function","volume":"342","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02773.x","article-title":"Circulating ovarian steroids and endometrial matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)","volume":"955","author":"Henriet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48680-9","article-title":"Whole cervix imaging of collagen, muscle, and cellularity in term and preterm pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0174-173X(88)80022-0","article-title":"Collagen organisation in the cervix and its relation to mechanical function","volume":"8","author":"Aspden","year":"1988","journal-title":"Top Catal"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000246798.78839.62","article-title":"Adaptations of the rat vagina in pregnancy to accommodate delivery","volume":"109","author":"Daucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.030","article-title":"Directing fibroblast self-assembly to fabricate highly-aligned, collagen-rich matrices","volume":"81","author":"Wilks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/intbio\/zyaa015","article-title":"Mechanical stretch sustains myofibroblast phenotype and function in microtissues through latent TGF-\u03b21 activation","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Integr Biol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2019.03.027","article-title":"Mechanical regulation of myofibroblast phenoconversion and collagen contraction","volume":"379","author":"Hinz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1147","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00032.2007","article-title":"Increased stiffness of the rat liver precedes matrix deposition: implications for fibrosis","volume":"293","author":"Georges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20180050","article-title":"Lysyl oxidases: from enzyme activity to extracellular matrix cross-links","volume":"63","author":"Vallet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638604","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1638604","article-title":"The role of TGF-\u03b2 superfamily in endometriosis: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.04.030","article-title":"Comparative ultrastructure of collagen fibrils in uterine leiomyomas and normal myometrium","volume":"82","author":"Leppert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(02)00446-4","article-title":"A comparative analysis of structure and spatial distribution of decorin in human leiomyoma and normal myometrium","volume":"1619","author":"Berto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta, Gen Subj"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-15-0522","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b2 controls MMP-19 expression in mouse ovaries during ovulation","volume":"151","author":"Nalvarte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref80","first-page":"367","article-title":"Regulation of ovarian extracellular matrix remodelling by metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors: effects on follicular development, ovulation and luteal function","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05164-2","article-title":"The link between intrauterine adhesions and impaired reproductive performance: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Hooker","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0708395","article-title":"Embryonic implantation: cytokines, adhesion molecules, and immune cells in establishing an implantation environment","volume":"85","author":"Mourik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.140096sr","article-title":"Immunological determinants of implantation success","volume":"58","author":"Robertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737401","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.737401","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 regulated endometrial stroma Secretome promotes trophoblast invasion","volume":"12","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01392-6","article-title":"Macrophages: a double-edged sword in female reproduction and disorders","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14010036","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the NLRP3 Inflammasome: focus on female fertility and reproductive health","volume":"14","author":"Moustakli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.07.002","article-title":"Innate immunity and the sensing of infection, damage and danger in the female genital tract","volume":"119","author":"Sheldon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01641.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling through the Smad pathway: role in extracellular matrix gene expression and regulation","volume":"118","author":"Verrecchia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02006","article-title":"Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-\u03b2 family signalling","volume":"425","author":"Derynck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.004","article-title":"The Immunopathophysiology of endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Symons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12285","article-title":"Local estrogen formation and its regulation in endometriosis. Reprod","volume":"18","author":"Mori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Biol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02767.x","article-title":"Estrogen production and metabolism in endometriosis","volume":"955","author":"Bulun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2024","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"105","author":"Bulun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2026.124242","article-title":"Macrophages, fibrosis, and intrauterine adhesions: cellular interactions and pathophysiological implications","volume":"389","author":"Jia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf208","article-title":"Synergistic regulation of fibroblast phenotype by high-dose estrogen and matrix stiffness: implications for intrauterine adhesion therapy\u2020","volume":"114","author":"Su","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-23-0499","article-title":"Inflammation, immune cells, and cellular senescence in the aging ovary","volume":"168","author":"Isola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324429","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1324429","article-title":"Chronic low-grade inflammation and ovarian dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and aging","volume":"14","author":"Orisaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114542023","article-title":"Mechanical signaling in reproductive tissues: mechanisms and importance","volume":"21","author":"Jorge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38864","DOI":"10.31083\/FBL38864","article-title":"Macrophage\u2013fibroblast crosstalk in fibrosis: key regulator of fibrosis across different organs","volume":"30","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Biosci - Landmark"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.021","article-title":"Fibroblast-macrophage reciprocal interactions in health, fibrosis, and cancer","volume":"54","author":"Buechler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.73.679","article-title":"Relaxation effects in nuclear magnetic resonance absorption","volume":"73","author":"Bloembergen","year":"1948","journal-title":"Phys Rev"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0389-8","article-title":"Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2 and extracellular volume: a consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)","volume":"19","author":"Messroghli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1118\/1.595535","article-title":"A review of normal tissue hydrogen NMR relaxation times and relaxation mechanisms from 1\u00e2&#x80;&#x93;100 MHz: dependence on tissue type, NMR frequency, temperature, species, excision, and age","volume":"11","author":"Bottomley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0297402","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297402","article-title":"Inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of quantitative T1 measurement using semiautomatic region of interest placement in myometrium","volume":"19","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/0720-048X(93)90003-6","article-title":"Relaxation time changes of the uterus during the menstrual cycle: correlation with hormonal status","volume":"16","author":"Varpula","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20784","article-title":"In vivo perfusion, T1, and T2 measurements in the female pelvis during the normal menstrual cycle: a feasibility study","volume":"24","author":"Hoad","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s42058-021-00063-5","article-title":"Endometrial T2 values and thickness measured during the spontaneous menstrual cycle: potential imaging biomarker related to female physiological hormones","volume":"4","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.12.005","article-title":"Cyclic changes of the junctional zone on 3 T MRI images in young and middle-aged females during the menstrual cycle","volume":"71","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25196","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging outside the brain: consensus statement from an ISMRM-sponsored workshop","volume":"44","author":"Taouli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v7.i7.149","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted and diffusion-tensor imaging of normal and diseased uterus","volume":"7","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.2013-0039","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging of ovarian torsion: usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the detection of hemorrhagic infarction","volume":"13","author":"Kato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-025-01965-z","article-title":"Multi-model quantitative MRI of uterine cancers in precision medicine\u2019s era\u2014a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Gennarini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210157","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210157","article-title":"Ovary: MRI characterisation and O-RADS MRI","volume":"94","author":"Sadowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-016-0308-4","article-title":"Cardiac T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) in clinical practice: a comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"Haaf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2026.01.002","article-title":"The predictive value of extracellular volume fraction based on T1 mapping for the efficacy of microwave ablation of uterine fibroids","volume":"33","author":"Geng","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu050","article-title":"Myocardial fibrosis imaging based on T1-mapping and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement inmuscular dystrophy patients: diagnostic value compared with conventional late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging","volume":"15","author":"Florian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3531","article-title":"Tracking immune cells in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"13","author":"Ahrens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2014.08.002","article-title":"Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MR imaging and therapy: design considerations and clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.02.001","article-title":"Substrate for the myocardial inflammation\u2013heart failure hypothesis identified using novel USPIO methodology","volume":"14","author":"Lagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.106054","article-title":"Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in clinical applications: current status and future perspectives","volume":"122","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1639","article-title":"Hot spot 19F magnetic resonance imaging of inflammation. Wiley Interdiscip rev nanomedicine","volume":"12","author":"Bouvain","year":"2020","journal-title":"NanoBiotechnology"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-018-0714-8","article-title":"In vivo 19 F MR inflammation imaging after myocardial infarction in a large animal model at 3 T","volume":"32","author":"Rothe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magn Reson Mater Physics, Biol Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28746","article-title":"Quantification of endometrial fibrosis using noninvasive MRI T2 mapping: initial findings","volume":"58","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22063","article-title":"Preinterventional quantitative magnetic resonance imaging predicts uterus and leiomyoma size reduction after uterine artery embolization","volume":"31","author":"Sipola","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005475","article-title":"Establishment of noninvasive prediction models for the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma subtypes","volume":"143","author":"Tamehisa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.4274\/dir.2021.21884","article-title":"Role of T2 mapping of magnetic resonance imaging in the differentiation of endometrial cancer and benign endometrial lesions","volume":"0","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00960-w","article-title":"Study of T2 mapping in quantifying and discriminating uterine lesions under different magnetic field strengths: 1.5 T vs. 3.0 T","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001160","article-title":"Initial experience with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of endometrial fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.104776","article-title":"Non-invasive staging of endometrial fibrosis using diffusion-weighted imaging: a feasibility study","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20469","article-title":"High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging of human patellar cartilage: feasibility and preliminary findings","volume":"53","author":"Filidoro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.10.011","article-title":"Zonal variation of MRI-measurable parameters classifies cartilage degradation","volume":"65","author":"Fleck","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171887","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2171887","article-title":"Advances in imaging techniques to assess kidney fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.102337","article-title":"Translational insights into myocardial deformation and fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using diffusion tensor MRI","volume":"4","author":"Laghzali","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3200","article-title":"Characterization of diffuse fibrosis in the failing human heart via diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative histological validation","volume":"27","author":"Abdullah","year":"2014","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77675-x","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging and arterial tissue: establishing the influence of arterial tissue microstructure on fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and tractography","volume":"10","author":"Tornifoglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0787-7","article-title":"The utility of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiating uterine sarcomas from benign leiomyomas","volume":"18","author":"Tamai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2016.151638","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of the uterine zones related to the menstrual cycle and menopausal status at 3 tesla MRI","volume":"33","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kesmez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(00)00039-6","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography: non-invasive mapping of tissue elasticity","volume":"5","author":"Manduca","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.11.026","article-title":"Unexplained infertility and impaired decidualization: a case for studying endometrial mechanics and microstructure","volume":"209","author":"Bast\u00edas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3305-8","article-title":"In vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance elastography of the uterine corpus and cervix","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232242","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232242","article-title":"Tumor stiffness measurement at multifrequency MR Elastography to predict Lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial cancer","volume":"311","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2024.03.006","article-title":"3D MR elastography-based stiffness as a marker for predicting tumor grade and subtype in cervical cancer","volume":"109","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1314-1","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: correlations between MRI appearance and stiffness via magnetic resonance elastography","volume":"43","author":"Jondal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01390-0","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography in evaluation of liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Demirta\u015f","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2021.1896705","article-title":"Targeting the TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway for fibrosis therapy: a patent review (2015\u20132020)","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Pat"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs381","article-title":"Inhibitors\/antagonists of TGF-\u03b2 system in kidney fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Yanagita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94624","article-title":"Fibroblast-specific inhibition of TGF-\u03b21 signaling attenuates lung and tumor fibrosis","volume":"127","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2017.1260548","article-title":"Targeting mast cells: a new way to treat endometriosis","volume":"21","author":"Binda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7278","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137278","article-title":"Targeting macrophage polarization for reinstating homeostasis following tissue damage","volume":"25","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125559","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125559","article-title":"Combined 17\u03b2-estradiol with TCDD promotes M2 polarization of macrophages in the endometriotic milieu with aid of the interaction between endometrial stromal cells and macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108636","article-title":"Parabens effects on female reproductive health \u2013 review of evidence from epidemiological and rodent-based studies","volume":"128","author":"Pulcastro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041464","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors acting on estrogen and androgen pathways cause reproductive disorders through multiple mechanisms: a review","volume":"18","author":"Amir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0136","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in ovarian function: effects on steroidogenesis, metabolism and nuclear receptor signaling","volume":"142","author":"Craig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108491","article-title":"Chronic exposure of mice to phthalates enhances TGF beta signaling and promotes uterine fibrosis","volume":"122","author":"Shukla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.106926","article-title":"Impact of paraben on uterine collagen: an integrated and targeted correlative approach using second harmonic generation microscopy, nanoindentation, and atomic force microscopy","volume":"165","author":"Arshee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466967","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1466967","article-title":"Endocrine disruptor chemicals exposure and female fertility declining: from pathophysiology to epigenetic risks","volume":"12","author":"Tricotteaux-Zarqaoui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01413-z","article-title":"Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on epigenetic regulation in the uterus: a narrative review","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390247","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1390247","article-title":"Advances in understanding the reproductive toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in women","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026101502071381000_ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23652","article-title":"The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on ovarian- and ovulation-related fertility outcomes","volume":"89","author":"Land","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioag156\/69915303\/ioag156.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/115\/4\/1032\/69915303\/ioag156.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/115\/4\/1032\/69915303\/ioag156.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:07:22Z","timestamp":1792044442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article\/115\/4\/1032\/8740849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":159,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioag156","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]}}}