{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:22:42Z","timestamp":1790839362296,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2006-35203-17349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006-35203-17349"]}]},{"name":"National Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2006-35203-18819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006-35203-18819"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immortalized mouse gonadotrope cell lines alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 cells have been a substitute model for primary gonadotropes. These cell lines have provided a homogeneous cell population, as compared to the dissociated anterior pituitaries, which contain a heterogeneous population of cells potentially responsive to estradiol-17beta (E2). Nonclassical actions of E2 assumed to occur through the plasma membrane estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, also known as ERalpha). These actions have included inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced increases in intracellular calcium concentrations and phosphorylation of p44\/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK-1\/2) in ovine pituitaries including primary gonadotropes in vitro. The objective of the present experiment was to determine if alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 are cell models with limitations to examine the nonclassical actions of E2 occurring in gonadotropes. Experiments were conducted to determine if the cells have ESR1 at the plasma membrane using biotinylation cell and isolation of surface protein and staining with a fluorescently labeled E2 conjugate. The alphaT3-1 cells contain ESR1 associated with but not enriched within lipid rafts of the plasma membrane and do not translocate to lipid rafts upon binding of E2. In contrast, LbetaT2 cells lack ESR1 associated with the plasma membrane. Pretreatment with E2 did not cause inhibition of GnRH-stimulated increases in intracellular concentrations of calcium for either cell type. Phosphorylation of ERK-1\/2 was not stimulated by E2 in either cell type. Although these cells lines have been used extensively to study GnRH signaling, in vitro or in vivo effects of nonclassical actions of E2 cannot be replicated in either cell line.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T12:26:18Z","timestamp":1562761578000},"page":"791-799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nonclassical actions of estradiol-17beta are not detectable in the alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 immortalized gonadotrope cell lines\u2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Tracy L","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Wingate University, Wingate, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019112000003148400_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of action of a steroid hormone 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