{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:14:48Z","timestamp":1784070888303,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Paradata refers to survey variables which are not of direct interest themselves, but are related to the quality of data on survey variables which are of interest. We focus on a categorical paradata variable, which reflects the presence of measurement error in a variable of interest. We propose a quasi-score test of the hypothesis of no measurement error bias in the estimation of regression coefficients under models for paradata. We also propose a regression-based test, analogous to a simple test proposed by Fuller for instrumental variables. The methods developed can take account of a complex sampling design. In an application with data from the British Household Panel Survey, all tests provide clear evidence of measurement bias in the estimated coefficient of gross pay. In a simulation study, all tests have rejection rates close to the nominal level under the null hypothesis; the quasi-score tests display more power than the regression-based test. The size of the quasi-score test is shown to be robust to some forms of misspecification of the paradata model, both by a theoretical argument and in findings of the simulation study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asaa050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T11:19:32Z","timestamp":1592651972000},"page":"239-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Testing for measurement error in survey data analysis using paradata"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"D N","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estat\u00edstica, Universidade Federal do Rio G. do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C J","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021030708334415700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2015.1130632","article-title":"Using binary paradata to correct for measurement error in survey data analysis","volume":"111","author":"da Silva,","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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Inst."},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316665","volume-title":"Measurement Error Models","author":"Fuller,","year":"1987"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470523551","volume-title":"Sampling Statistics","author":"Fuller,","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2307\/2528166","article-title":"Inference for some incompletely specified models involving normal approximations to discrete data","volume":"23","author":"Kale,","year":"1967","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118596869","volume-title":"Improving Surveys with Paradata: Analytic Uses of Process Information","author":"Kreuter,","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/anzs.12065","article-title":"Tests for regression models fitted to survey data","volume":"56","author":"Lumley,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. New Zeal. J. Statist."},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B8","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2021"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B9","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Quasi-score tests with survey data","volume":"8","author":"Rao,","year":"1998","journal-title":"Statist. Sinica"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478472","article-title":"Asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators and likelihood ratio tests under nonstandard conditions","volume":"82","author":"Self,","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Statist. Assoc."},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B11","volume-title":"Analysis of Complex Surveys","author":"Skinner,","year":"1989"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B12","volume-title":"British Household Panel Survey User Manual, Volume A: Introduction, Technical Report and Appendices","author":"Taylor,","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B13","volume-title":"Introduction to Variance Estimation","author":"Wolter,","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2021030708334415700_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/insr.12009","article-title":"On the use of auxiliary and paradata for dealing with non-sampling errors in household surveys","volume":"81","author":"Zhang,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Statist. Rev."}],"container-title":["Biometrika"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomet\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/biomet\/asaa050\/33561554\/asaa050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomet\/article-pdf\/108\/1\/239\/36441078\/asaa050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomet\/article-pdf\/108\/1\/239\/36441078\/asaa050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T08:34:21Z","timestamp":1615106061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomet\/article\/108\/1\/239\/5880217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/asaa050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3444","1464-3510"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3444","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3510","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]}}}