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The new interpoint-ranking sign covariance is applicable to general types of random objects as long as a meaningful similarity measure can be defined, and it is shown to be zero if and only if the two random variables are independent. The test statistic is a $U$-statistic, whose large-sample behaviour guarantees that the proposed test is consistent against general types of alternatives. Numerical experiments and data analyses demonstrate the superior empirical performance of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asab011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T20:24:33Z","timestamp":1613420673000},"page":"165-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interpoint-ranking sign covariance for the test of independence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Haeun","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, 230 S Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kehui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, 230 S Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020204423001700_B1","first-page":"vi47","volume":"66","author":"Adriaenssens,","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): Outpatient quinolone use in Europe (1997\u20132009)"},{"key":"2022020204423001700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1198\/016214505000000628","article-title":"Prediction by supervised principal components","volume":"101","author":"Bair,","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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