{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:05:45Z","timestamp":1793405145782,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The micro-randomized trial is a sequential randomized experimental design to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health intervention components that may be delivered at hundreds or thousands of decision points. Micro-randomized trials have motivated a new class of causal estimands, termed causal excursion effects, for which semiparametric inference can be conducted via a weighted, centred least-squares criterion (Boruvka et al., 2018). Causal excursion effects allow health scientists to answer important scientific questions about how intervention effectiveness may change over time or may be moderated by individual characteristics, time-varying context or past responses. Existing definitions and associated methods assume between-subject independence and noninterference. Deviations from these assumptions often occur. In this paper, causal excursion effects are revisited under potential cluster-level treatment effect heterogeneity and interference, where the treatment effect of interest may depend on cluster-level moderators. Utility of the proposed methods is shown by analysing data from a multi-institution cohort of first-year medical residents in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asac065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T13:09:43Z","timestamp":1669295383000},"page":"645-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing time-varying causal effect moderation in the presence of cluster-level treatment effect heterogeneity and interference"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics, , 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics, , 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics, , 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023081420144540700_B1","author":"Bickel,"},{"key":"2023081420144540700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2017.1305274","article-title":"Assessing time-varying causal effect moderation in mobile health","volume":"113","author":"Boruvka,","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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