{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:20:09Z","timestamp":1790619609786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004106","name":"East China Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Nonparametric covariate adjustment is considered for log-rank-type tests of the treatment effect with right-censored time-to-event data from clinical trials applying covariate-adaptive randomization. Our proposed covariate-adjusted log-rank test has a simple explicit formula and a guaranteed efficiency gain over the unadjusted test. We also show that our proposed test achieves universal applicability in the sense that the same formula of test can be universally applied to simple randomization and all commonly used covariate-adaptive randomization schemes such as the stratified permuted block and the Pocock\u2013Simon minimization, which is not a property enjoyed by the unadjusted log-rank test. Our method is supported by novel asymptotic theory and empirical results for Type-I error and power of tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asad045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T15:12:28Z","timestamp":1690470748000},"page":"691-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Covariate-adjusted log-rank test: guaranteed efficiency gain and universal applicability"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington , Box 351617, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6239-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin , 1300 University Avenue , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Statistical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company , 839 S Delaware St ., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072700012295700_asad045-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3150\/13-BEJ591","article-title":"On the almost sure convergence of adaptive allocation procedures","volume":"21","author":"Baldi Antognini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bernoulli"},{"key":"2024072700012295700_asad045-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.615","article-title":"Some results on generalized difference estimation and generalized regression estimation for finite populations","volume":"63","author":"Cassel","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2024072700012295700_asad045-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/82.4.835","article-title":"Analysis of transformation models with censored data","volume":"82","author":"Cheng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2024072700012295700_asad045-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0787-8","article-title":"Ideal vs. real: a systematic review on handling covariates in randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Ciolino","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med. 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