{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:37:56Z","timestamp":1789763876299,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["579679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["579679"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1222522N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1222522N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many proposals for the identification of causal effects require an instrumental variable that satisfies strong, untestable unconfoundedness and exclusion restriction assumptions. In this paper, we show how one can potentially identify causal effects under violations of these assumptions by harnessing a negative control population or outcome. This strategy allows one to leverage subpopulations for whom the exposure is degenerate, and requires that the instrument-outcome association satisfies a certain parallel trend condition. We develop semiparametric efficiency theory for a general instrumental variable model, and obtain a multiply robust, locally efficient estimator of the average treatment effect in the treated. The utility of the estimators is demonstrated in simulation studies and an analysis of the Life Span Study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asae064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T15:23:45Z","timestamp":1732029825000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Using negative controls to identify causal effects with invalid instrumental variables"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O","family":"Dukes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S9 , 9000 Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D B","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine , 653 E. 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