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Our asymptotic results show that the proposal is consistent in wide, high-dimensional scenarios, and further shed light on why the original method breaks down when the dimension of either the data or the augmentation becomes too large. Simulations and real data are used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposal to competitors both under and outside of the theoretical model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asaf052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T05:05:26Z","timestamp":1753074326000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dimension estimation in a spiked covariance model using high-dimensional data augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0329-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U","family":"Radoji\u010di\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Statistics and Mathematical Methods in Economics, Vienna University of Technology , Wiedener Hauptstrasse 8\u201310 , Vienna 1040,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2150-2769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Virta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku , Turku 20014, \u00a0 joni.virta@utu.fi","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032607102683000_asaf052-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1214\/19-AOS1826","article-title":"Fundamental limits of detection in the spiked Wigner model","volume":"48","author":"Alaoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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