{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T20:42:03Z","timestamp":1770237723160,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3304701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3304701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS-2113359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-2113359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01GM144351-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01GM144351-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21HG011662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21HG011662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In many applications, the process of identifying a specific feature of interest often involves testing multiple hypotheses for their joint statistical significance. Examples include mediation analysis, which simultaneously examines the existence of the exposure-mediator and the mediator-outcome effects, and replicability analysis, aiming to identify simultaneous signals that exhibit statistical significance across multiple independent studies. In this work, we present a new approach called the joint mirror (JM) procedure that effectively detects such features while maintaining false discovery rate (FDR) control in finite samples. The JM procedure employs an iterative method that gradually shrinks the rejection region based on progressively revealed information until a conservative estimate of the false discovery proportion is below the target FDR level. Additionally, we introduce a more stringent error measure known as the composite FDR (cFDR), which assigns weights to each false discovery based on its number of null components. We use the leave-one-out technique to prove that the JM procedure controls the cFDR in finite samples. To implement the JM procedure, we propose an efficient algorithm that can incorporate partial ordering information. Through extensive simulations, we show that our procedure effectively controls the cFDR and enhances statistical power across various scenarios, including the case that test statistics are dependent across the features. Finally, we showcase the utility of our method by applying it to real-world mediation and replicability analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biomtc\/ujae142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T07:24:16Z","timestamp":1731309856000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Joint mirror procedure: controlling false discovery rate for identifying simultaneous signals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Linsui","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518172 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Applied Statistics, Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3996-6246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kejun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Statistics, Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2512-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOS1337","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate via knockoffs","volume":"43","author":"Barber","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1214\/19-AOS1852","article-title":"Robust inference with knockoffs","volume":"48","author":"Barber","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2017.1336443","article-title":"Weighted false discovery rate control in large-scale multiple testing","volume":"113","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1198\/016214507000000941","article-title":"False discovery rates for spatial signals","volume":"102","author":"Benjamini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00984.x","article-title":"Screening for partial conjunction hypotheses","volume":"64","author":"Benjamini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9469.00072","article-title":"Multiple hypotheses testing with weights","volume":"24","author":"Benjamini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib7","article-title":"AdaPT-GMM: Powerful and robust covariate-assisted multiple testing","author":"Chao","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2020.1765785","article-title":"A multiple-testing procedure for high-dimensional mediation hypotheses","volume":"117","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib9","article-title":"Multiple testing of partial conjunction null hypotheses with conditional p-values based on combination test statistics","author":"Dickhaus","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1198\/016214501753382129","article-title":"Empirical Bayes analysis of a microarray experiment","volume":"96","author":"Efron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.717","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn\u2019s disease susceptibility loci","volume":"42","author":"Franke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.013","article-title":"Conjunction revisited","volume":"25","author":"Friston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12122","article-title":"Sequential selection procedures and false discovery rate control","volume":"78","author":"G\u2019Sell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1214\/13-AOAS697","article-title":"Replicability analysis for genome-wide association studies","volume":"8","author":"Heller","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Annals of Applied Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1214\/17-AOAS1120","article-title":"Joint significance tests for mediation effects of socioeconomic adversity on adiposity via epigenetics","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Annals of Applied Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1214\/18-AOAS1181","article-title":"Genome-wide analyses of sparse mediation effects under composite null hypotheses","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Annals of Applied Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1214\/09-STS290","article-title":"Replication in genome-wide association studies","volume":"24","author":"Kraft","year":"2009","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12274","article-title":"AdaPT: an interactive procedure for multiple testing with side information","volume":"80","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12557","article-title":"Zap: z-value adaptive procedures for false discovery rate control with side information","volume":"84","author":"Leung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib20","article-title":"Powerful partial conjunction hypothesis testing via conditioning","author":"Liang","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2021.1914634","article-title":"Large-scale hypothesis testing for causal mediation effects with applications in genome-wide epigenetic studies","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83","article-title":"A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects","volume":"7","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040028","article-title":"Most published research findings are false\u2014but a little replication goes a long way","volume":"4","author":"Moonesinghe","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1214\/22-AOAS1663","article-title":"Knockoffs with side information","volume":"17","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Annals of Applied Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib25","volume-title":"Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis","author":"Silverman","year":"1986"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2307\/270723","article-title":"Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models","volume":"13","author":"Sobel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00346","article-title":"A direct approach to false discovery rates","volume":"64","author":"Storey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib28","volume-title":"A Beginner\u2019s Guide to Discrete Mathematics","author":"Wallis","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1214\/21-AOS2139","article-title":"Detecting multiple replicating signals using adaptive filtering procedures","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2021.1923510","article-title":"Controlling false discovery rate using Gaussian mirrors","volume":"118","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2020.1783273","article-title":"Covariate adaptive false discovery rate control with applications to omics-wide multiple testing","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025121220045050400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1214\/19-EJS1663","article-title":"Nonparametric false discovery rate control for identifying simultaneous signals","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Statistics"}],"container-title":["Biometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biometrics\/article-pdf\/80\/4\/ujae142\/61199893\/ujae142.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biometrics\/article-pdf\/80\/4\/ujae142\/61199893\/ujae142.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T01:05:01Z","timestamp":1765587901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biometrics\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/biomtc\/ujae142\/7923040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomtc\/ujae142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-341X","1541-0420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0420","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"article-number":"ujae142"}}