{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:22:59Z","timestamp":1782602579352,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4539,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]],"date-time":"2004-10-15T00:14:18Z","timestamp":1097799258000},"page":"33-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Allogeneic red blood cell transfusions: efficacy, risks, alternatives and indications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Madjdpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.R.","family":"Spahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199603000-00032","article-title":"Practice guidelines for blood component therapy: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Blood Component Therapy","volume":"84","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1084","article-title":"The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana","volume":"101","author":"Allain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib5","first-page":"16","article-title":"Blood transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"6","author":"Allain","year":"2004","journal-title":"TATM"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199901000-00002","article-title":"An analysis of blood management in patients having a total hip or knee arthroplasty","volume":"81","author":"Bierbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37297203512.x","article-title":"Allogeneic blood transfusions, immunomodulation, and postoperative bacterial infection: do we have the answers yet?","volume":"37","author":"Blajchman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1999.39101070.x","article-title":"Lowering the hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in coronary artery bypass procedures: effect on patient outcome","volume":"39","author":"Bracey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02679.x","article-title":"Residual risk of transfusion in Ghana","volume":"113","author":"Candotti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.3.199","article-title":"Perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative mortality","volume":"279","author":"Carson","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04330-9","article-title":"Effect of anaemia and cardiovascular disease on surgical mortality and morbidity","volume":"348","author":"Carson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1053\/tmrv.2002.33461","article-title":"Transfusion triggers: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Carson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199910000-00021","article-title":"Factors influencing the individual effects of blood transfusion on oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption","volume":"27","author":"Casutt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2412","article-title":"Alternatives to blood in the 21st century","volume":"8","author":"Cohn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000104112.34142.79","article-title":"The CRIT Study: anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill\u2014current clinical practice in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Corwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2847","article-title":"Infectious and immunologic consequences of blood transfusion","volume":"8","author":"Dellinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x","article-title":"Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window-period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population","volume":"42","author":"Dodd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503163321106","article-title":"The cost effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donations","volume":"332","author":"Etchason","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2845","article-title":"How low is too low? Cardiac risks with anemia","volume":"8","author":"Fakhry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199705000-00004","article-title":"Transfusing red blood cells stored in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 for 28 days fails to improve tissue oxygenation in rats","volume":"25","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2409","article-title":"Intraoperative blood salvage in vascular surgery\u2014worth the effort?","volume":"8","author":"Freischlag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2003.00601.x","article-title":"Leukoreduction in the setting of open heart surgery: a prospective cohort-controlled study","volume":"44","author":"Fung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S678","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000100124.50579.D9","article-title":"Risks of blood transfusion","volume":"31","author":"Goodnough","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400606","article-title":"Transfusion medicine. I: Blood transfusion","volume":"340","author":"Goodnough","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16812-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of leucoreduction for removal of infectivity of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies from blood","volume":"364","author":"Gregori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000048907","article-title":"Hyperoxia in extreme hemodilution","volume":"34","author":"Habler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199609000-00002","article-title":"The effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) on myocardial contractility in anesthetized dogs","volume":"83","author":"Habler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38298193096.x","article-title":"Hemodilution and intravenous perflubron emulsion as an alternative to blood transfusion: effects on tissue oxygenation during profound hemodilution in anesthetized dogs","volume":"38","author":"Habler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.15.1941","article-title":"Clinical outcomes following institution of the Canadian universal leukoreduction program for red blood cell transfusions","volume":"289","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2003.12.006","article-title":"Clinical consequences of anemia and red cell transfusion in the critically ill","volume":"20","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2004.01.001","article-title":"Physiologic aspects of anemia","volume":"20","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400601","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care","volume":"340","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154866","article-title":"Does transfusion practice affect mortality in critically ill patients? Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care (TRICC) Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group","volume":"155","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00001","article-title":"Is a low transfusion threshold safe in critically ill patients with cardiovascular diseases?","volume":"29","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib35","article-title":"Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion","author":"Hill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S687","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000099349.17094.A3","article-title":"Effects of storage on efficacy of red cell transfusion: when is it not safe?","volume":"31","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.381098440856.x","article-title":"Perioperative myocardial ischemic episodes are related to hematocrit level in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy","volume":"38","author":"Hogue","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2407","article-title":"Methods for improved hemorrhage control","volume":"8","author":"Holcomb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib39","first-page":"118","article-title":"Immunomodulation mechanisms following transfusion of allogeneic and autologous erythrocyte concentrates","volume":"29","author":"Innerhofer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infusionsther Transfusionsmed"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2003.09.018","article-title":"Acute normovolemic hemodilution: physiology, limitations, and clinical use","volume":"17","author":"Jamnicki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib41","first-page":"389","article-title":"[The risk of malaria transmission by blood transfusion at Cotonou, Benin]","volume":"10","author":"Kinde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sante"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1053\/tmrv.2003.50009","article-title":"Risks associated with transfusion of cellular blood components in Canada","volume":"17","author":"Kleinman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200304000-00005","article-title":"Influence of erythrocyte concentrate storage time on postsurgical morbidity in cardiac surgery patients","volume":"98","author":"Leal-Noval","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200010000-00023","article-title":"Electrocardiographic ST-segment changes during acute, severe isovolemic hemodilution in humans","volume":"93","author":"Leung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15486-X","article-title":"Possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease by blood transfusion","volume":"363","author":"Llewelyn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03325.x","article-title":"The effect of universal leukoreduction on postoperative infections and length of hospital stay in elective orthopedic and cardiac surgery","volume":"44","author":"Llewelyn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(99)90216-4","article-title":"Predonated autologous blood transfusions after total knee arthroplasty: immediate versus delayed administration","volume":"14","author":"Lotke","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(03)00018-3","article-title":"Anaemia and red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill patient","volume":"17","author":"McLellan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh023","article-title":"Allogeneic blood transfusions: benefit, risks and clinical indications in countries with a low or high human development index","volume":"70","author":"Marcucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500230106037","article-title":"Effect of stored-blood transfusion on oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis","volume":"269","author":"Marik","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200401000-00014","article-title":"Hyperoxic ventilation reduces 6-hour mortality at the critical hemoglobin concentration","volume":"100","author":"Meier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2824","article-title":"Preoperative recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic surgical patients","volume":"8","author":"Monk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05783-X","article-title":"Estimated risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion in Kenya","volume":"358","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2003.12.003","article-title":"Tissue oxygen delivery and the microcirculation","volume":"20","author":"Morisaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib55","first-page":"357","article-title":"Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by hemoglobin-saline solution in the red cell-free primate","volume":"142","author":"Moss","year":"1976","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000110676.93531.05","article-title":"Efficacy of blood transfusion in the critically ill: does age of blood make a difference?","volume":"32","author":"Napolitano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2003.12.002","article-title":"Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill","volume":"20","author":"Napolitano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199306000-00013","article-title":"Relationship between postoperative anemia and cardiac morbidity in high-risk vascular patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"21","author":"Nelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(97)90028-7","article-title":"Effects of diaspirin-cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) on local tissue oxygen tension in striated skin muscle: an efficacy study in the hamster","volume":"130","author":"Nolte","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2405","article-title":"Age of blood: does it make a difference?","volume":"8","author":"Offner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib61","first-page":"253","article-title":"Effect of blood transfusions on subsequent kidney transplants","volume":"5","author":"Opelz","year":"1973","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib62","first-page":"II-205","article-title":"The paradox of on-bypass transfusion thresholds in blood conservation","volume":"96","author":"Paone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16811-6","article-title":"Preclinical vCJD after blood transfusion in a PRNP codon 129 heterozygous patient","volume":"364","author":"Peden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7460.251-a","article-title":"Government confirms second case of vCJD transmitted by blood transfusion","volume":"329","author":"Pincock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03012772","article-title":"Association of mortality with age of blood transfused in septic ICU patients","volume":"44","author":"Purdy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2003.12.005","article-title":"Transfusion in surgery and trauma","volume":"20","author":"Schulman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2001.41050591.x","article-title":"Evaluation of oxygen extraction ratio as a physiologic transfusion trigger in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients","volume":"41","author":"Sehgal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2453","article-title":"To filter blood or universal leukoreduction: what is the answer?","volume":"8","author":"Shapiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib69","first-page":"133","article-title":"Stored blood components contain agents that prime the neutrophil NADPH oxidase through the platelet-activating-factor receptor","volume":"63","author":"Silliman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib70","first-page":"130","article-title":"Practice parameter for the use of red blood cell transfusions: developed by the Red Blood Cell Administration Practice Guideline Development Task Force of the College of American Pathologists","volume":"122","author":"Simon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib71","first-page":"6","article-title":"Benefits of red blood cell transfusion: Where is the evidence?","volume":"1","author":"Spahn","year":"1999","journal-title":"TATM"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2004.05.002","article-title":"Strategies for transfusion therapy","volume":"18","author":"Spahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200007000-00035","article-title":"Eliminating blood transfusions: new aspects and perspectives","volume":"93","author":"Spahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(03)00112-X","article-title":"Transfusion in the cardiac patient","volume":"20","author":"Spahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib75","article-title":"Artificial O2 carriers: status in 2004","author":"Spahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Pharmaceut Des"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199405000-00029","article-title":"Cardiovascular and coronary physiology of acute isovolemic hemodilution: a review of nonoxygen-carrying and oxygen-carrying solutions","volume":"78","author":"Spahn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2833","article-title":"Blood management in intensive care medicine: CRIT and ABC\u2014what can we learn?","volume":"8","author":"Spahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s001010050659","article-title":"Perioperative transfusion criteria","volume":"47","author":"Spahn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34196-0","article-title":"Acute isovolemic hemodilution and blood transfusion. Effects on regional function and metabolism in myocardium with compromised coronary blood flow","volume":"105","author":"Spahn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200212000-00004","article-title":"Use of perflubron emulsion to decrease allogeneic blood transfusion in high-blood-loss non-cardiac surgery: results of a European phase 3 study","volume":"97","author":"Spahn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70012-1","article-title":"Hematocrit value on intensive care unit entry influences the frequency of Q-wave myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting. The Institutions of the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group","volume":"116","author":"Spiess","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2002.00237.x","article-title":"Which groups of patients are transfused? A study of red cell usage in London and southeast England","volume":"83","author":"Stanworth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199005000-00010","article-title":"Blood gas analysis of mixed venous blood during normoxic acute isovolemic hemodilution in pigs","volume":"70","author":"Trouwborst","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1053\/tmrv.2002.35209","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the risk of postoperative infection in association with white blood cell-containing allogeneic blood transfusion: the effects of the type of transfused red blood cell product and surgical setting","volume":"16","author":"Vamvakas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00426.x","article-title":"WBC-containing allogeneic blood transfusion and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"43","author":"Vamvakas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.5.1180","article-title":"Deleterious clinical effects of transfusion-associated immunomodulation: fact or fiction?","volume":"97","author":"Vamvakas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1999.39070701.x","article-title":"Transfusion and postoperative pneumonia in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: effect of the length of storage of transfused red cells","volume":"39","author":"Vamvakas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199211000-00029","article-title":"Profound hemodilution: what is the critical level of hemodilution at which oxygen delivery-dependent oxygen consumption starts in an anesthetized human?","volume":"75","author":"van Woerkens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1994.34594249050.x","article-title":"What can we learn about the need for transfusion from patients who refuse blood? The experience with Jehovah's Witnesses","volume":"34","author":"Viele","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1499","article-title":"Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients","volume":"288","author":"Vincent","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.4_MeetingAbstracts.125S-a","article-title":"Is red blood cell transfusion associated with worse outcome? Results of the SOAP Study","volume":"124","author":"Vincent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0042-9007.2004.00410.x","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection: risks, sources and interventions","volume":"86","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000108878.23703.E0","article-title":"Does the storage time of transfused red blood cells influence regional or global indexes of tissue oxygenation in anemic critically ill patients?","volume":"32","author":"Walsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-7963(03)00039-7","article-title":"Transfusion-related acute lung injury","volume":"17","author":"Webert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00302.x","article-title":"Heart rate increases linearly in response to acute isovolemic anemia","volume":"43","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.3.217","article-title":"Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia","volume":"279","author":"Weiskopf","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7201.16","article-title":"Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) initiative: analysis of the first two annual reports","volume":"319","author":"Williamson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-7963(03)00023-3","article-title":"A brief history of blood filtration: clot screens, microaggregate removal, and leukocyte reduction","volume":"17","author":"Wortham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010615","article-title":"Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"345","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh290_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0041-1132.2003.00589.x","article-title":"Autoantibody formation after alloimmunization: are blood transfusions a risk factor for autoimmune hemolytic anemia?","volume":"44","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091217349000?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091217349000?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bja\/article-pdf\/95\/1\/33\/867186\/aeh290.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T10:36:36Z","timestamp":1585910196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091217349000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091217349000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeh290","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}