{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:52:45Z","timestamp":1789480365092,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":551,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hospira Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T01:50:36Z","timestamp":1461203436000},"page":"811-821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Dexmedetomidine vs propofol-remifentanil conscious sedation for awake craniotomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Goettel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Venkatraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.H.","family":"Manninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.12.FOCUS09237","article-title":"Intraoperative electrical stimulation in awake craniotomy: methodological aspects of current practice","volume":"28","author":"Szelenyi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0035","article-title":"Awake craniotomy with brain mapping as the routine surgical approach to treating patients with supratentorial intraaxial tumors: a prospective trial of 200 cases","volume":"90","author":"Taylor","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/07\/0001","article-title":"Prospective study of awake craniotomy used routinely and nonselectively for supratentorial tumors","volume":"107","author":"Serletis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e318290c230","article-title":"Awake craniotomy for brain tumor resection: the rule rather than the exception?","volume":"25","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1801-2","article-title":"Awake craniotomies without any sedation: the awake-awake-awake technique","volume":"155","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-014-2396-6","article-title":"Anesthesiological management of awake craniotomy : Asleep-awake-asleep technique or without sedation","volume":"64","author":"Seemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200101000-00018","article-title":"Awake craniotomy for removal of intracranial tumor: considerations for early discharge","volume":"92","author":"Blanshard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3181c959f4","article-title":"Analysis of propofol\/remifentanil infusion protocol for tumor surgery with intraoperative brain mapping","volume":"22","author":"Conte","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200107000-00013","article-title":"Monitored anesthesia care using remifentanil and propofol for awake craniotomy","volume":"13","author":"Berkenstadt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000181287.86811.5C","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with awake craniotomy for tumor surgery: a comparison of remifentanil and fentanyl in conjunction with propofol","volume":"102","author":"Manninen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199801000-00006","article-title":"Remifentanil and propofol combination for awake craniotomy: case report with pharmacokinetic simulations","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000196721.49780.85","article-title":"Anesthetic complications of awake craniotomies for epilepsy surgery","volume":"102","author":"Skucas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199706000-00021","article-title":"Propofol sedation during awake craniotomy for seizures: patient-controlled administration versus neurolept analgesia","volume":"84","author":"Herrick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg037","article-title":"Anaesthesia for awake craniotomy'evolution of a technique that facilitates awake neurological testing","volume":"90","author":"Sarang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059020-00012","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine","volume":"59","author":"Bhana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200011000-00030","article-title":"Clinical uses of alpha2 -adrenergic agonists","volume":"93","author":"Kamibayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1053\/bean.2000.0081","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and interaction pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in humans","volume":"14","author":"Karol","year":"2000","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000093225.39866.75","article-title":"The efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus morphine for postoperative analgesia after major inpatient surgery","volume":"98","author":"Arain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200411000-00005","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine pharmacodynamics: part I: crossover comparison of the respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in healthy volunteers","volume":"101","author":"Hsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199305000-00003","article-title":"Computer-controlled infusion of intravenous dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in adult human volunteers","volume":"78","author":"Dyck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.5.669","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine infusions for sedation of postoperative patients requiring intensive caret","volume":"88","author":"Venn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199711000-00033","article-title":"Postoperative pharmacokinetics and sympatholytic effects of dexmedetomidine","volume":"85","author":"Talke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer441","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine during long-term sedation in intensive care patients","volume":"108","author":"Iirola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200302000-00024","article-title":"The alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine converges on an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects","volume":"98","author":"Nelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(05)70185-8","article-title":"New agents for sedation in the intensive care unit","volume":"17","author":"Maze","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib26","first-page":"244","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Observer's Assessment of Alertness\/Sedation Scale: study with intravenous midazolam","volume":"10","author":"Chernik","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x","article-title":"A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients","volume":"23","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3181d48846","article-title":"\u2018Scalp block\u2019 during craniotomy: a classic technique revisited","volume":"22","author":"Osborn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2003.09.003","article-title":"Anaesthesia for awake craniotomy: a modern approach","volume":"11","author":"Costello","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2000.01277.x","article-title":"Target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil combined with bispectral index monitoring for awake craniotomy","volume":"55","author":"Hans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e31805f66ad","article-title":"Propofol and remifentanil effect-site concentrations estimated by pharmacokinetic simulation and bispectral index monitoring during craniotomy with intraoperative awakening for brain tumor resection","volume":"19","author":"Lobo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine for neurological surgery","volume":"57","author":"Bekker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200105000-00031","article-title":"The use of dexmedetomidine infusion for awake craniotomy","volume":"92","author":"Bekker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ana.0000211027.26550.24","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine sedation during awake craniotomy for seizure resection: effects on electrocorticography","volume":"19","author":"Souter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200207000-00006","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine may impair cognitive testing during endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective case report series","volume":"14","author":"Bustillo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200401000-00005","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine and neurocognitive testing in awake craniotomy","volume":"16","author":"Mack","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.100854","article-title":"Use of dexmedetomidine infusion in anaesthesia for awake craniotomy","volume":"56","author":"Kallapur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2012.63.6.573","article-title":"Anesthetic management of awake craniotomy with laryngeal mask airway and dexmedetomidine in risky patients","volume":"63","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3182a58aba","article-title":"Anesthetic approach to high-risk patients and prolonged awake craniotomy using dexmedetomidine and scalp block","volume":"26","author":"Garavaglia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib40","first-page":"64","article-title":"Awake Craniotomy: A Case Series of Anaesthetic Management using a Combination of Scalp Block, Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia","volume":"68","author":"Mohd Nazaruddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028013504082","article-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and propofol for conscious sedation in awake craniotomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial","volume":"47","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90111-A","article-title":"The analgesic action of dexmedetomidine'a novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist'in healthy volunteers","volume":"46","author":"Jaakola","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000174958.05383.d5","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in anaesthesia","volume":"18","author":"Paris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182647ab8","article-title":"Intermittent general anesthesia with controlled ventilation for asleep-awake-asleep brain surgery: a prospective series of 140 gliomas in eloquent areas","volume":"71","author":"Deras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d69087","article-title":"Modeling the non-steady state respiratory effects of remifentanil in awake and propofol-sedated healthy volunteers","volume":"112","author":"Olofsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25399","article-title":"The effects of Anesthesia and opioids on the upper airway: A systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Ehsan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200409000-00028","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine as a total intravenous anesthetic agent","volume":"101","author":"Ramsay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200008000-00016","article-title":"The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans","volume":"93","author":"Ebert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181ae0856","article-title":"Monitored anesthesia care with dexmedetomidine: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial","volume":"110","author":"Candiotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3181d69072","article-title":"A Phase IIIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for sedation during awake fiberoptic intubation","volume":"17","author":"Bergese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000429847.91707.97","article-title":"Intraoperative seizures during awake craniotomy: incidence and consequences: analysis of 477 patients","volume":"73","author":"Nossek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833000c5","article-title":"Awake craniotomy","volume":"26","author":"Bonhomme","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199412000-00017","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine decreases seizure threshold in a rat model of experimental generalized epilepsy","volume":"81","author":"Mirski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.6.935","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine reduces seizure threshold during enflurane anaesthesia in cats","volume":"82","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01537.x","article-title":"Electroencephalogram spindle activity during dexmedetomidine sedation and physiological sleep","volume":"52","author":"Huupponen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000419","article-title":"A comparison of propofol- and dexmedetomidine-induced electroencephalogram dynamics using spectral and coherence analysis","volume":"121","author":"Akeju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e318060d281","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine does not reduce epileptiform discharges in adults with epilepsy","volume":"19","author":"Talke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000281075.77316.98","article-title":"The effect of dexmedetomidine on electrocorticography in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy under sevoflurane anesthesia","volume":"105","author":"Oda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib59","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Adverse events in a multicenter phase IV study of propofol: evaluation by anesthesiologists and postanesthesia care unit nurses","volume":"77","author":"McLeskey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.JNS09716","article-title":"Patients perceptions of awake and outpatient craniotomy for brain tumor: a qualitative study","volume":"112","author":"Khu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318215a270","article-title":"Outpatient brain tumor surgery and spinal decompression: a prospective study of 1003 patients","volume":"69","author":"Purzner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2038-4","article-title":"Patient response to awake craniotomy - a summary overview","volume":"156","author":"Milian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3182913afd","article-title":"Bispectral index during asleep-awake craniotomies","volume":"25","author":"Conte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c04e58","article-title":"The correlation between bispectral index and observational sedation scale in volunteers sedated with dexmedetomidine and propofol","volume":"109","author":"Kasuya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091217302489?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091217302489?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bja\/article-pdf\/116\/6\/811\/17425661\/aew024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T18:29:37Z","timestamp":1757788177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091217302489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091217302489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aew024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dexmedetomidine vs propofol-remifentanil conscious sedation for awake craniotomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aew024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aew113","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}