{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:51:41Z","timestamp":1790880701739,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Association of Dermatologists Biologic and Immunomodulators Register"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000770","name":"University of Manchester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000545","name":"British Association of Dermatologists","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013126","name":"Psoriasis Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014653","name":"NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi) have revolutionized the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Following patent expiry of the originator biologics, TNFi biosimilars became available, presenting the opportunity for significant reductions in drug costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the uptake of TNFi biosimilars for psoriasis treatment in the UK and Ireland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This observational cohort study utilizes data from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR), a national pharmacovigilance study register for patients with psoriasis on systemic treatments. We analysed biosimilar uptake trends over time in nine geographical regions of England along with Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. We assessed the incidence of switching to biosimilars in an originator-user cohort (switchers). Patients on originators infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab at the time originator patents expired, entered the cohort on 1 February 2015, August 2015 and October 2018, respectively, and were followed up until 31 October 2021. Trends in biosimilar initiations were assessed in an adalimumab-na\u00efve cohort who started adalimumab between 1 October 2018 and 31 July 2019 (starters). We assessed the associations between patient factors and originator-to-biosimilar switching and biosimilar initiation using a multivariable Cox regression model and a multivariable logistic regression model, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Included in the originator-user cohort were 4202 patients (209 on infliximab, 742 on etanercept and 3251 on adalimumab). For infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab, respectively, the cumulative incidence of originator-to-biosimilar switching increased with time to 14.8%, 23.6% and 66.6% after 3\u2005years. Across geographical regions, 3-year switching rates varied from 0% to 43.7% for infliximab; from 0% to 40.4% for etanercept; and from 12.5% to 84.3% for adalimumab. Out of the 528 patients included in the adalimumab-na\u00efve cohort, 67.8% started on biosimilars. Originator-to-biosimilar switching and biosimilar initiation were more common in men and in patients who had lower Psoriasis Area and Severity Index at cohort entry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The uptake of biosimilars increased over time and varied considerably across the UK and Ireland; adalimumab had the highest biosimilar uptake rate compared with that of other TNFi drugs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T03:07:02Z","timestamp":1680664022000},"page":"62-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Uptake of tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor biosimilars for psoriasis: a drug utilization study from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duc Binh","family":"Phan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Dermatology Research, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony P","family":"Bewley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary College (University of London) , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-1144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine H","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London and St John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology, Guy\u2019s & St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teena","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust , Reading , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5371-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher E M","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Dermatology Research, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2391-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Lunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2918-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Dermatology Research, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-074X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenas Z N","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Dermatology Research, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4006","article-title":"Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review","volume":"323","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13908","article-title":"Demographics and disease characteristics of patients with psoriasis enrolled in the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic Interventions Register","volume":"173","author":"Iskandar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B3","article-title":"Preparing for the big biologic switch","volume":"301","author":"Robinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B4","author":"Intellectual Property Office"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5639\/gabij.2019.0801.003","article-title":"Patent expiry dates for biologicals: 2018 update","volume":"8","author":"GaBI Journal Editor, GaBI Online Editor","year":"2019","journal-title":"GaBI J"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B6","author":"NHS England"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10835.x","article-title":"The British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 Biologic Interventions Register (BADBIR): 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Humira\u00ae","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B11","article-title":"Tendering and biosimilars: what role for value-added services?","volume":"8","author":"Simoens","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mark Access Health Policy"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.625296","article-title":"Policies to encourage the use of biosimilars in European countries and their potential impact on pharmaceutical expenditure","volume":"12","author":"Vogler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-020-00456-5","article-title":"A look at the history of biosimilar adoption: characteristics of early and late adopters of infliximab and etanercept biosimilars in subregions of England, Scotland and Wales \u2013 a mixed methods study","volume":"35","author":"Moorkens","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01610-1","article-title":"Biosimilar-to-biosimilar switching: what is the rationale and current experience?","volume":"81","author":"Mysler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B15","first-page":"102","article-title":"Factors affecting health care provider knowledge and acceptance of biosimilar medicines: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Leonard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034183","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 perceptions of the uptake of biosimilars: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Sarnola","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15756","article-title":"Biosimilars for psoriasis: worldwide overview of regulatory guidelines, uptake and implications for dermatology clinical practice","volume":"177","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2024012218594361900_ljad107-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4809","article-title":"Methodologic considerations for noninterventional studies of switching from reference biologic to biosimilars","volume":"29","author":"Desai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"}],"container-title":["British Journal of 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