{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:31:07Z","timestamp":1780403467937,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mpox is a disease caused by a double-stranded DNA orthopoxvirus discovered in 1958. In 2022, an outbreak on an unprecedented scale marked its transition from neglected, zoonotic disease circulating almost exclusively within African borders to sexually transmitted infection (STI) of international concern. Although phylogenetic evidence suggests progressive evolution from the strain associated with the 2018 outbreak in Nigeria, epidemiological links with previous cases have still not been completely elucidated. Clinically, mpox presents with systemic symptoms, such as fever, headache, malaise and a characteristic cutaneous eruption, similar to that of cognate viruses (e.g. smallpox). Mpox pseudopustules evolve through several stages, including umbilication and crusting, and resolve in the span of 2\u20133 weeks. The hallmarks that set the 2022 outbreak apart from classic mpox were a disproportionate number of cases occurring in men who have sex with men, an often localized cutaneous picture and a significant burden in terms of concomitant STIs. Investigations into the disease pathogenesis, related immune response, clinical and dermoscopic features, in addition to studies aimed at defining novel management strategies, have advanced mpox knowledge considerably. Herein, recent findings on mpox are reviewed, with a keen focus on dermatological manifestations and their implications in the current diagnostic scenario, reinforcing the pivotal role of dermatologists in managing suspect cases and preventing further spread of the contagion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T18:04:51Z","timestamp":1683309891000},"page":"260-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mpox: an updated review of dermatological manifestations in the current outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Maronese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7253-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Avallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin , Turin , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Italo Francesco","family":"Aromolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina\u00a0Beatrice","family":"Spigariolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Quattri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ramoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Giovanni","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo Valerio","family":"Marzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100916031980700_ljad151-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.03.001","article-title":"Human monkeypox: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and prevention","volume":"33","author":"Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023100916031980700_ljad151-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x","article-title":"A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"46","author":"von Magnus","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Mic Scand"},{"key":"2023100916031980700_ljad151-B3","first-page":"165","article-title":"Human monkeypox, 1970\u201379","volume":"58","author":"Breman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2023100916031980700_ljad151-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00241","article-title":"Emergence of monkeypox as the most important orthopoxvirus infection in humans","volume":"6","author":"Sklenovsk\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2023100916031980700_ljad151-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox \u2013 A potential threat? 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