{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:19:15Z","timestamp":1789957155470,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian government research training programme scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Resident memory T cells (T-RMs) remain in epithelial barrier tissues after antigen exposure and the initial effector phase. These T-RMs provide effective antimicrobial and anticancer immunity; however, pathogenic T-RMs have been shown to mediate various chronic inflammatory disorders in a variety of tissue types. In the skin, T-RMs are referred to as resident cutaneous memory T cells (cT-RMs). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the development and establishment of these cT-RMs populations may allow for targeted treatments that provide durable responses in chronic immune-mediated skin diseases, even after cessation. In this review, we summarize the evidence on cT-RMs as drivers of chronic inflammatory dermatoses, including psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and alopecia areata, among others. Data from in vitro, animal model and ex vivo human studies are presented, with a focus on the potential for cT-RMs to trigger acute disease flares, as well as recurrent disease, by establishing an immune \u2018memory\u2019 in the skin. Furthermore, the available data on the potential for existing and novel treatments to affect the development or survival of cT-RMs in the skin are synthesized. The data suggest a dynamic and rapidly growing area in the field of dermatology; however, we also discuss areas in need of greater research to allow for optimal treatment selection for long-term disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T16:26:35Z","timestamp":1692635195000},"page":"656-663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Resident cutaneous memory T cells: a clinical review of their role in chronic inflammatory dermatoses and potential as therapeutic targets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"James P","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health , Sydney, NSW , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital , Liverpool, NSW , Australia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research , Liverpool, NSW , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty J L","family":"Wark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital , Liverpool, NSW , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health , Sydney, NSW , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital , Liverpool, NSW , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5042-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W","family":"Frew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health , Sydney, NSW , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital , Liverpool, NSW , Australia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research , Liverpool, NSW , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3883","article-title":"The emerging role of resident memory T cells in protective immunity and inflammatory disease","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269rv1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010641","article-title":"Resident memory T cells in human health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642711","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642711","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus-specific tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells are abundant in healthy human skin","volume":"12","author":"Hendriks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254803","article-title":"Skin-resident memory CD8+ T cells trigger a state of tissue-wide pathogen alert","volume":"346","author":"Ariotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202288109","article-title":"Long-lived epithelial immunity by tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in the absence of persisting local antigen presentation","volume":"109","author":"Mackay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A\u00a0"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aav8995","article-title":"Human CD4+CD103+ cutaneous resident memory T cells are found in the circulation of healthy individuals","volume":"4","author":"Klicznik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aam6346","article-title":"Resident memory T cells in the skin mediate durable immunity to melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Malik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0812-9","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells promote melanoma-immune equilibrium in skin","volume":"565","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000002184","article-title":"Presence of skin tissue-resident memory T cells in human nonmalignant and premalignant melanocytic skin lesions and in melanoma","volume":"44","author":"Willemsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-021-00180-1","article-title":"Resident and circulating memory T cells persist for years in melanoma patients with durable responses to immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa117","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory T cells invade the brain parenchyma in multiple sclerosis white matter lesions","volume":"143","author":"Fransen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz010","article-title":"CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells expand and are a major source of mucosal tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 in active Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Bishu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109902","article-title":"Arthritis flares mediated by tissue-resident memory T cells in the joint","volume":"37","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402256","article-title":"Cutting edge: CD69 interference with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor function regulates peripheral T cell retention","volume":"194","author":"Mackay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900052","article-title":"The functional requirement for CD69 in establishment of resident memory CD8+ T cells varies with tissue location","volume":"203","author":"Walsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2745","article-title":"Transcriptional downregulation of S1pr1 is required for the establishment of resident memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"14","author":"Skon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9153-3_7","article-title":"Integrin \u03b1E\u03b27: molecular features and functional significance in the immune system","volume":"819","author":"Hadley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abn1889","article-title":"Central memory T cells are the most effective precursors of resident memory T cells in human skin","volume":"7","author":"Matos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200917","article-title":"CD103 regulates dermal regulatory T cell motility and interactions with CD11c-expressing leukocytes to control skin inflammation","volume":"211","author":"Norman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200402","article-title":"Antigen-independent differentiation and maintenance of effector-like resident memory T cells in tissues","volume":"188","author":"Casey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.008","article-title":"T-box transcription factors combine with the cytokines TGF-\u03b2 and IL-15 to control tissue-resident memory T cell fate","volume":"43","author":"Mackay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11291","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11291","article-title":"Virtual memory T cells develop and mediate bystander protective immunity in an IL-15-dependent manner","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.002","article-title":"Keratinocyte-mediated activation of the cytokine TGF-\u03b2 maintains skin recirculating memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"50","author":"Hirai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0210495","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210495","article-title":"Comparative analysis reveals a role for TGF-\u03b2 in shaping the residency-related transcriptional signature in tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"14","author":"Nath","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.01.009","article-title":"CD49a expression defines tissue-resident CD8(+) T cells poised for cytotoxic function in human skin","volume":"46","author":"Cheuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20059","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700016200","article-title":"JAK-STAT signaling: from interferons to cytokines","volume":"282","author":"Schindler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082143","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveals core regulatory programs that determine the heterogeneity of circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21379","article-title":"Survival of tissue-resident memory T cells requires exogenous lipid uptake and metabolism","volume":"543","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111963","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cell intrinsically promotes resident memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and function","volume":"42","author":"Dean","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0607-7","article-title":"Developmental plasticity allows outside-in immune responses by resident memory T cells","volume":"21","author":"Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302313","article-title":"Epidermal Th22 and Tc17 cells form a localized disease memory in clinically healed psoriasis","volume":"192","author":"Cheuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93396","article-title":"Clinically resolved psoriatic lesions contain psoriasis-specific IL-17-producing \u03b1\u03b2 T cell clones","volume":"127","author":"Matos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41652","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells from skin differentiate psoriatic arthritis from psoriasis","volume":"73","author":"Leijten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17748","article-title":"CD8 resident memory T cells with interleukin 17A-producing potential are accumulated in disease-na\u00efve nonlesional sites of psoriasis possibly in correlation with disease duration","volume":"181","author":"Vo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.08.048","article-title":"A skewed pool of resident T cells triggers psoriasis-associated tissue responses in never-lesional skin from patients with psoriasis","volume":"143","author":"Gallais S\u00e9r\u00e9zal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2019.06.002","article-title":"Significance of IL-17A-producing CD8+CD103+ skin resident memory T cells in psoriasis lesion and their possible relationship to clinical course","volume":"95","author":"Kurihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.02.030","article-title":"Resident T cells in resolved psoriasis steer tissue responses that stratify clinical outcome","volume":"138","author":"Gallais S\u00e9r\u00e9zal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.03.011","article-title":"PD-1 Expression defines epidermal CD8+CD103+ T cells preferentially producing IL-17A and using skewed TCR repertoire in psoriasis","volume":"141","author":"Phadungsaksawasdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01308-2","article-title":"Activation of CD8 T cells accelerates anti-PD-1 antibody-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis through IL-6","volume":"3","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197228","article-title":"Immunological memory in imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasiform dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Fenix","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00679-y","article-title":"Time to relapse after discontinuing systemic treatment for psoriasis: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Regnault","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.005","article-title":"Differential changes in inflammatory mononuclear phagocyte and T-cell profiles within psoriatic skin during treatment with guselkumab vs. secukinumab","volume":"141","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq3254","article-title":"Local IL-23 is required for proliferation and retention of skin-resident memory T(H)17 cells","volume":"7","author":"Whitley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100715","article-title":"A single-cell transcriptional gradient in human cutaneous memory T cells restricts Th17\/Tc17 identity","volume":"3","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.05.016","article-title":"Guselkumab efficacy after withdrawal is associated with suppression of serum IL-23-regulated IL-17 and IL-22 in psoriasis: VOYAGE 2 study","volume":"139","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15292","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety results from an open-label phase III study (UNCOVER-J) in Japanese plaque psoriasis patients: impact of treatment withdrawal and retreatment of ixekizumab","volume":"33","author":"Umezawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B47","author":"Liu"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2022.02.008","article-title":"Epidermal CD8+CD103+ skin resident memory T cells in psoriasis plaques are reduced in number but remain in the basement membrane zone after topical application of corticosteroid and vitamin D3","volume":"105","author":"Kurihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13551","article-title":"Tofacitinib withdrawal and retreatment in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002561","article-title":"Continuation, reduction, or withdrawal of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving sustained disease control: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.08.038","article-title":"Vitiligo skin is imprinted with resident memory CD8 T cells expressing CXCR3","volume":"138","author":"Boniface","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.10.032","article-title":"Resident memory and recirculating memory T cells cooperate to maintain disease in a mouse model of vitiligo","volume":"139","author":"Richmond","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.011","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced IL-15 trans-presentation in keratinocytes contributes to CD8+ T cells activation via JAK-STAT pathway in vitiligo","volume":"139","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1735615","article-title":"Repigmentation in vitiligo using janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors with phototherapy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Phan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30609-7","article-title":"Ruxolitinib cream for treatment of vitiligo: a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"396","author":"Rosmarin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.04.027","article-title":"Jak inhibitors reverse vitiligo in mice but do not deplete skin resident memory T cells","volume":"141","author":"Azzolino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.527","article-title":"Maintenance therapy of adult vitiligo with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"135","author":"Cavali\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam7710","article-title":"Antibody blockade of IL-15 signaling has the potential to durably reverse vitiligo","volume":"10","author":"Richmond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.51","article-title":"IL-17A as an inducer for Th2 immune responses in murine atopic dermatitis models","volume":"134","author":"Nakajima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14270","article-title":"Mouse models of atopic dermatitis: a critical reappraisal","volume":"30","author":"Gilhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.07.722","article-title":"Pathogenic CD8+ epidermis-resident memory T cells displace dendritic epidermal T cells in allergic dermatitis","volume":"140","author":"Gadsb\u00f8ll","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14986","article-title":"CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T cells recruit neutrophils that are essential for flare-ups in contact dermatitis","volume":"77","author":"Funch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.06.044","article-title":"Comparative transcriptomic analyses of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis reveal shared neutrophilic inflammation","volume":"130","author":"Choy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12715","article-title":"Rapid allergen-\u00adinduced interleukin-17 and interferon-\u03b3 secretion by skin-resident memory CD8(+) T cells","volume":"76","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.11.048","article-title":"Inhibitory checkpoint receptors control CD8+ resident memory T cells to prevent skin allergy","volume":"143","author":"Gamradt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.10.029","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse events (AEs) of anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma: a single-institution cohort","volume":"74","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljac057","article-title":"Efficacy of downtitration or treatment withdrawal compared with continuous dosing after successful treatment with baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in a randomized substudy from the long-term extension study BREEZE-AD3","volume":"188","author":"Reich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.022","article-title":"Early and long-term effects of dupilumab treatment on circulating T-cell functions in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"141","author":"Bakker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19179","article-title":"Reply to Tilotta and Bongiorno: Considering the role of resident cutaneous memory T-cell suppression in providing durable atopic dermatitis remission","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033211017218","article-title":"Expression pattern of tissue-resident memory T cells in cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"30","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102811","article-title":"Skin CD4+ Trm cells distinguish acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus from localized discoid lupus erythematosus\/subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and other skin diseases","volume":"128","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221084093","article-title":"Increased CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells and STAT3 expression in cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients recalcitrant to antimalarials","volume":"31","author":"Zeidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2010.528020","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation-induced cytokines promote mast cell accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase production: potential role in cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Van Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.04.024","article-title":"Targeting tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in the kidney is a potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab685","article-title":"Filgotinib or lanraplenib in moderate to severe cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"61","author":"Werth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31363-1","article-title":"Baricitinib for systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-\u00adcontrolled, phase 2 trial","volume":"392","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01547-5","article-title":"A virtual memory CD8+ T cell-originated subset causes alopecia areata through innate-like cytotoxicity","volume":"24","author":"Seok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2020.09.001","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory V\u03b41+ T-cells infiltrates are present in and around the hair bulbs of non-lesional and lesional alopecia areata hair follicles","volume":"100","author":"Uchida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/jvc2.104","article-title":"Predominant expression of interleukin (IL)-17 in chronic alopecia areata compared to IFN-\u03b3 in pathogenic Th17 cells, tissue-resident memory T cells and natural killer cells","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"JEADV Clin Pract"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.06.032","article-title":"Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17\/TH22 skewing","volume":"136","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2019.049","article-title":"Bioinformatics analysis of genes associated with the patchy-type alopecia areata: CD2 may be a new therapeutic target","volume":"164","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110343","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of baricitinib for alopecia areata","volume":"386","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.01.032","article-title":"An open-label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of tofacitinib in moderate to severe patch-type alopecia areata, totalis, and universalis","volume":"138","author":"Jabbari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121949","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121949","article-title":"High-throughput T cell receptor sequencing identifies clonally expanded CD8+ T cell populations in alopecia areata","volume":"3","author":"de Jong","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08516.x","article-title":"In vivo dynamics of intraepidermal CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells during the evolution of fixed drug eruption","volume":"158","author":"Mizukawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(03)01624-5","article-title":"IFN-gamma-producing effector CD8+ T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory CD4+ T cells in fixed drug eruption","volume":"112","author":"Teraki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.11.022","article-title":"Possible plasticity of cytotoxic resident memory T cells in fixed drug eruption","volume":"143","author":"Matsumura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13250","article-title":"Characterization and function of circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells in oral lichen planus","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.02.748","article-title":"Highly multiplexed mass cytometry identifies the immunophenotype in the skin of dermatomyositis","volume":"141","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2021.11.004","article-title":"IL-17A and IFN-\u03b3 are up-regulated in CD4 and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in active Behcet's disease patients","volume":"242","author":"Abbasova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.030","article-title":"The pathogenic role of CD4+ \u00adtissue-resident memory T cells bearing T follicular helper-like phenotype in pemphigus lesions","volume":"141","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908047","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.908047","article-title":"Accumulation of cytotoxic skin resident memory T cells and increased expression of IL-15 in lesional skin of polymorphic light eruption","volume":"9","author":"Patra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02087","article-title":"NK cell IL-10 production requires IL-15 and IL-10 driven STAT3 activation","volume":"10","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6264","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00563-15","article-title":"In vivo activation of human NK cells by treatment with an interleukin-15 superagonist potently inhibits acute in vivo HIV-1 infection in humanized mice","volume":"89","author":"Seay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.03.006","article-title":"Dendritic cells prime natural killer cells by trans-presenting interleukin 15","volume":"26","author":"Lucas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023111618471550600_ljad303-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19236","article-title":"Early disease intervention with guselkumab in psoriasis leads to a higher rate of stable complete skin clearance (\u2018clinical super response\u2019): week 28 results from the ongoing phase IIIb randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, GUIDE study","author":"Sch\u00e4kel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljad303\/51554737\/ljad303.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/189\/6\/656\/53474754\/ljad303.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/189\/6\/656\/53474754\/ljad303.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T13:49:24Z","timestamp":1700142564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article\/189\/6\/656\/7246856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljad303","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0963","1365-2133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0963","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]}}}