{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:01:50Z","timestamp":1792036910284,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by acute-onset hair loss. The hair loss can range from small, circumscribed hairless areas on the scalp to complete loss of hair on the head and body hair. However, data on the epidemiology of AA are limited. Current evaluations are lacking in Germany. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and comorbidity of AA in Germany based on claims data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A representative 40% sample of all adults who were insured with a German statutory health insurance company (DAK-Gesundheit) between 2016 and 2020 was evaluated (n = 2.88 million). Based on at least one relevant outpatient or inpatient diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 L63, the annual AA prevalence and incidence (ICD-10 L63) were calculated for 2016 to 2020. Different case definitions were used for diagnosis validation. In addition, the occurrence of comorbidities in patients with AA was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2020, AA prevalence was 210 cases per 100 000 and incidence 72 cases per 100 000. Compared with persons without AA, those with AA significantly more often had atopic dermatitis [rate ratio (RR) 2.9], pruritus (RR 2.7), lupus erythematosus (RR 2.4), urticaria (RR\u00a02.3) and psoriasis (RR 2.2). Women were affected slightly more often than men (0.2% vs. 0.1%). On a regional level, higher prevalence and incidence rates were found in Brandenburg (prevalence 332 cases per 100 000; incidence 116 cases per 100 000), Hesse (prevalence 344\u00a0cases per 100 000; incidence 124 cases per 100 000) and Mecklenburg\u2013Western Pomerania (prevalence 303 cases per 100 000; incidence 111\u00a0per\u00a0100 000).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AA is a common immune-mediated skin condition with marked regional variations in Germany. For a complete understanding of epidemiology, complementary population-based studies including clinical characteristics of AA are useful.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T22:37:42Z","timestamp":1697668662000},"page":"374-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Epidemiology of alopecia areata and population-wide comorbidities in Germany: analysis of longitudinal claims\u00a0data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4026-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Augustin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) , Hamburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrine","family":"Ben-Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) , Hamburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) , Hamburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Hagenstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) , Hamburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Alopecia areata - current understanding and management","volume":"20","author":"Lintzeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B2","first-page":"397","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Villasante Fricke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.464","article-title":"Lifetime incidence risk of alopecia areata estimated at 2.1% by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990-2009","volume":"134","author":"Mirzoyev","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10714.x","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with alopecia areata in Taiwan: a case\u2013control study","volume":"166","author":"Chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br\u00a0J Dermatol"},{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14497","article-title":"Alopecia areata and health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Rencz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054898","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1054898","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in children and adults with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"van Dalen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.02.019","article-title":"Predictors of QOL in patients with alopecia areata","volume":"142","author":"Senna","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2024090210033044400_ljad381-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17370","article-title":"Quality of life measurement in alopecia areata. 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