{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T23:59:01Z","timestamp":1787875141959,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005897","name":"French Society of Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Region Occitanie\/Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","award":["#1901175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1901175"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MP0022856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MP0022856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Agency","award":["ANR-23-CE15-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CE15-0007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is characterized by autoantibodies targeting keratinocyte adhesion proteins desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3, and by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) predisposition allele HLA-DRB1*0402. Treatment using rituximab (RTX) combined with short-term corticosteroids (CS) allows disease control and long-lasting remission.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of RTX on the circulating subpopulations of Dsg3-specific T lymphocytes that specifically regulate B-cell responses: follicular helper T (Tfh) and follicular regulatory T (Tfr) lymphocytes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using the HLA-DRB1*0402 tetramer loaded with the Dsg3 immunodominant peptide, we used flow cytometry to analyse the frequency, polarization and activation status of blood Dsg3-specific follicular T-cell populations at baseline, month (M) 6 and long-term follow-up (M60\u201390) from patients with PV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, we observed a predominance of Tfh1* and Tfh17 subsets and an underrepresentation of the Tfh2 subset among autoreactive Dsg3-specific Tfh cells compared with nonautoreactive Tfh cells. RTX treatment induced a decrease of autoreactive Tfh cells with no effect on their polarization during follow-up. In parallel, we observed the emergence of a Dsg3-specific Tfr subpopulation with a significant overexpression of the surface activation markers PD1, ICOS and CD25 that was not observed at the surface of autoreactive Tfh and nonautoreactive Tfr cells of the same patients with PV. In contrast, very few Dsg3-specific Tfr cells were observed in patients with PV who were treated with CS alone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here we show that the emergence of circulating autoreactive Dsg3-specific Tfr cells is associated with the long-term efficacy of RTX in patients with PV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T20:26:31Z","timestamp":1717791991000},"page":"605-615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The emergence of circulating activated autoreactive desmoglein 3-specific follicular regulatory T cells is associated with long-term efficacy of rituximab in patients with pemphigus vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Vivien","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, French Reference Center for Auto Immune Blistering Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University , Rouen , France"},{"name":"Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn\u2019THER, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy , Rouen , France"},{"name":"INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Novarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Maho-Vaillant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn\u2019THER, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy , Rouen , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corine","family":"Perals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Calbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn\u2019THER, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy , Rouen , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Golinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn\u2019THER, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy , Rouen , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Joly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, French Reference Center for Auto Immune Blistering Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University , Rouen , France"},{"name":"Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn\u2019THER, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy , Rouen , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Fazilleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091723511521200_ljae220-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.26","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"3","author":"Kasperkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis 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