{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:26:29Z","timestamp":1790871989089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sex hormone changes during menopausal transition contribute to declining skin health. However, how menopause and its treatment by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) impact the skin barrier and immune system is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine how menopause and HRT affect the skin barrier and immune cell composition in postmenopausal women following irritant challenge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two cohorts of postmenopausal women were recruited to the study. The first cohort consisted of 10 untreated women [HRT\u2013; mean (SEM) age 56.5 (1.6) years (range 48\u201363)] and the second was composed of 8 women receiving HRT [HRT+; mean (SEM) age 54.0 (2.1) years (range 48\u201363)]. Skin irritation was induced by applying topical sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 1.25% to occluded buttock skin for 48 h. Clinical assessment was conducted after 24 h, followed by biopsy of both SLS-challenged and unchallenged skin for analysis of skin barrier proteins and immune cell distribution using immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinically, there were no significant differences in skin irritant responses between those taking or not taking HRT (including increased skin redness and blood flow). In response to SLS challenge a significant increase in transepidermal water loss (P &amp;lt; 0.05), filaggrin deposition and cytokeratin 10 (K10)+ cell layers (P &amp;lt; 0.01) was observed in individuals receiving HRT compared with the HRT\u2013 group. Following SLS challenge in individuals taking HRT, a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.01) reduction in CD207+ cells in the epidermis was observed, accompanied by an increase of CD207+ cells in the dermis, indicative of migrating Langerhans cells (LCs). Significantly fewer migrating LCs were found in those who were not receiving HRT (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the numbers of dermal dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and CD11c+CD206\u2013 and CD68+CD206\u2013 subsets were found to be significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in those taking HRT following SLS challenge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals receiving HRT displayed enhanced skin barrier response to SLS challenge with thicker filaggrin and increased K10+ epidermal cell layers. Following challenge, HRT users exhibited elevated LC, inflammatory DC and macrophage counts in the dermis. These may render skin both more prone to inflammation and more capable of resolving it, while also promoting skin repair.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:39:18Z","timestamp":1717115958000},"page":"746-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The impact of irritant challenge on the skin barrier and myeloid-resident immune cells in women who are postmenopausal is modulated by hormone replacement therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Orsolya","family":"Kiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester 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Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National Skin Centre and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS) ,","place":["Republic of Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chidera","family":"Chike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail K","family":"Langton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria\u00a0L","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"No7 Beauty Company, Walgreens Boots Alliance , Nottingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"No7 Beauty Company, Walgreens Boots Alliance , Nottingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E M","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bulfone-Paus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation and Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne\u00a0M","family":"Pilkington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of 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