{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T14:23:20Z","timestamp":1793024600674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Infantile haemangioma (IH) \u2013 the most common vascular tumour of infancy \u2013 is comprised of diverse cell types, including endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts and immune cells. IH is characterized by rapid proliferation followed by slow involution over 1\u201310 years. Most lesions regress spontaneously, but up to 10% can be disfiguring, with complications that require further medical treatment. Recent research has revealed the biological characteristics of IH, highlighting the involvement of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis during tumour formation. Gene expression profiling has provided vital insights into the underlying biological processes, with some of the key IH-related pathways identified, including vascular endothelial growth factor, the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system, hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1, Notch, platelet-derived growth factor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/Akt\/mammalian target of rapamycin, Janus kinase\/signal transducers and activators of transcription, fibroblast growth factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 and insulin-like growth factor. Further evidence suggests extracellular matrix factors and hormone receptors regulate IH progression. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the proliferating, plateau and involuting phases of IH, identifying differentially expressed genes, targeted proteins and key signalling pathways. This knowledge will increase the broader understanding of vascular development, tissue remodelling and angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T08:22:59Z","timestamp":1717748579000},"page":"661-669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of infantile haemangioma development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Raka","family":"Mitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Newtown, Wellington ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen L","family":"Fitzsimons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swee T","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Newtown, Wellington ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital , Lower Hutt ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clint","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Newtown, Wellington ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , Kelburn, Wellington ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0152-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine\u00a0P J","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Newtown, Wellington ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102112265512500_ljae241-B1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Infantile hemangiomas: a review and future opportunities","volume":"120","author":"Eisenstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"2024102112265512500_ljae241-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2020.150967","article-title":"Genetics of vascular 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