{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:04:52Z","timestamp":1788505492619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1185416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1185416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Fellowship","award":["APP1155413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1155413"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cutaneous melanoma incidence varies consistently across body sites between men and women, but the underlying causes of these differences remain unclear. To date, no prospective studies have examined risk factors for melanoma separately for men and women according to body site.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to examine the association between identified constitutional, genetic and environmental risk factors for invasive melanoma of different body sites among men and women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared the association between constitutional, genetic and environmental risk factors for invasive melanoma on different body sites separately for men and women in a population-based prospective cohort study of 17 774 men and 21 070 women aged between 40 and 69\u2005years who were residents of Queensland, Australia at baseline in 2011. Participants were followed until December 2021. We examined risk factors including hair colour, tanning ability, naevus density and proxies for high cumulative sun exposure, all self-reported at baseline. We also examined polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from summary statistics from a melanoma genome-wide association study meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a median 10.4\u2005years of follow-up, 455 men and 331 women developed an incident invasive melanoma; the mean age at diagnosis was lower in women than in men (62.6 vs. 65.0\u2005years). The most common body site was the trunk in men (45.1%), and the upper (36.8%) and lower limbs (27.4%) in women. High naevus density and proxy measures of high cumulative sun exposure were similarly associated with melanoma at all sites in men and women. In both sexes, high genetic risk was associated with melanoma on all body sites except the head and neck. We observed differences between men and women in the association between PRS and melanoma of the trunk [highest vs. lowest tertile of PRS: hazard ratio (HR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64\u20134.69 for men; HR 1.55, 95% CI 0.63\u20133.80 for women] and nonsignificant but large differences for the lower limbs (HR 5.25, 95% CI 1.80\u201315.27 for men; HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.88\u20133.47 for women).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While there are a number of potential explanations for these findings, this raises the possibility that genetic factors other than those related to pigmentation and naevus phenotypes may play a role in the predilection for melanoma to arise on different sites in men and women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T05:06:36Z","timestamp":1721279196000},"page":"914-923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Phenotypic and genotypic risk factors for invasive melanoma by sex and body site"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1462-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmala","family":"Pandeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel E","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4303-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew H","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C","family":"Whiteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , QLD ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.0470","article-title":"Evaluation of sex-specific incidence of melanoma","volume":"156","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-018-1022-3","article-title":"A cancer registry-based analysis on the non-white populations reveals a critical role of the female sex in early-onset melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4176","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24481","article-title":"Divergent cancer pathways for early-onset and late-onset cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"115","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.05.011","article-title":"Does sex matter? 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A prospective cohort analysis","volume":"183","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.2003.13.12","article-title":"Sex differences in numbers of nevi on body sites of young European children: implications for the etiology of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Autier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.1.47","article-title":"Body-site distribution of melanocytic nevi in young Australian children","volume":"135","author":"Harrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)70143-1","article-title":"The Eastern Australian Childhood Nevus Study: site differences in density and size of melanocytic nevi in relation to latitude and phenotype","volume":"48","author":"MacLennan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"MMT35","DOI":"10.2217\/mmt-2019-0019","article-title":"Genetics plays a role in nevi distribution in women","volume":"7","author":"Visconti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Melanoma Manag"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12820","article-title":"Body site-specific genetic effects influence naevus count distribution in women","volume":"33","author":"Visconti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0632","article-title":"Risk factors for melanoma by body site","volume":"14","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.3964","article-title":"Association of phenotypic characteristics and UV radiation exposure with risk of melanoma on different body sites","volume":"155","author":"Ghiasvand","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0611-8","article-title":"Genome-wide association meta-analyses combining multiple risk phenotypes provide insights into the genetic architecture of cutaneous melanoma susceptibility","volume":"52","author":"Landi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0077-8","article-title":"Multi-omic analysis reveals significantly mutated genes and DDX3X as a sex-specific tumor suppressor in cutaneous melanoma","volume":"1","author":"Alkallas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2024111803540492400_ljae297-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljae297\/58999150\/ljae297.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/191\/6\/914\/60676320\/ljae297.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/191\/6\/914\/60676320\/ljae297.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T03:54:47Z","timestamp":1731902087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article\/191\/6\/914\/7716738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljae297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0963","1365-2133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0963","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]}}}