{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:47:17Z","timestamp":1791388037243,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023331","name":"LEO Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The lack of attention paid to chronic hand eczema (CHE) and the lack of a specific International Classification of Diseases code for it may have limited assessment of its prevalence. To date, prevalence estimates have primarily been derived from (partly small) single-country studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To estimate the annual prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed CHE across sociodemographic characteristics in adults living in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the observational Chronic Hand Eczema epidemiology, Care, and Knowledge of real-life burden (CHECK) study, a questionnaire was administered to adults aged 18\u201369\u2005years in the general population, recruited through online panels. Quotas and minor weighting adjustments were performed to ensure that the participants were representative of the general population with regard to sex, age, region, employment status, urban\/rural setting and \u2013 in the UK only \u2013 ethnicity. Additional weights were applied to account for population size differences when aggregating country results. Information on self-reported physician-diagnosed CHE was collected. CHE was defined, in accordance with the European Society of Contact Dermatitis, as having had hand eczema continuously for \u2265 3\u2005months or at least two flares in the past 12\u2005months. The annual prevalence of CHE was determined for each country, and by subgroups of sex, age, employment and urban\/rural setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 60 131 participants, 2847 self-reported physician-diagnosed CHE, yielding an annual prevalence of 4.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6\u20134.9]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence of CHE was significantly higher in women than in men [5.6% (95% CI 5.4\u20135.9) vs. 3.8% (95% CI 3.6\u20134.1); P &amp;lt; 0.001], in employed vs. unemployed people [5.3% (95% CI 5.1\u20135.6) vs. 3.3% (95% CI 3.1\u20133.6); P &amp;lt; 0.001] and in urban vs. rural residents [5.0% (95% CI 4.8\u20135.2) vs. 3.7% (95% CI 3.4\u20134.1); P &amp;lt; 0.001). Prevalence was highest in those aged 30\u201339\u2005years (6.5%, 95% CI 6.0\u20137.0) and lowest in those aged 60\u201369\u2005years (2.6%, 95% CI 2.3\u20133.0).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This large multinational study is the first to assess the prevalence of CHE in Europe and Canada using a consistent definition across a broad geographical population. This study reveals that CHE is a common skin disease with annual prevalence of 4.7%, with a higher prevalence in women, people aged 30\u201339, employed people and those living in urban areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T15:48:43Z","timestamp":1736610523000},"page":"1047-1054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Prevalence of chronic hand eczema in adults: a cross-sectional survey of over 60 000 respondents from the general population of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Apfelbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Bewley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9383-034X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Queen\u2019s University , Kingston ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7249-2556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Concetta","family":"Fargnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila , L\u2019Aquila ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00a0Maria","family":"Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar Research Institute. University Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1660-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lysel","family":"Brignoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oracle Life Sciences , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0423-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bleuenn","family":"Rault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oracle Life Sciences , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5402-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny M","family":"Norlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Pharma A\/S , Ballerup ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tea","family":"Skaaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Pharma A\/S , Ballerup ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-No\u00eblle","family":"Cr\u00e9py","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, University Hospital of Centre of Paris, Hotel-Dieu Hospital and"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Centre of Paris, Cochin Hospital , AP-HP, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01669.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of hand eczema in the general population \u2013 prevalence and main findings","volume":"62","author":"Thyssen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13804","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and severity of hand eczema in the general population \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Quaade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08431.x","article-title":"Medical consultations in relation to severity of hand eczema in the general population","volume":"158","author":"Hald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14035","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hand eczema","volume":"86","author":"Thyssen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14066","article-title":"Exposure and work-related factors in subjects with hand eczema: data from a cross-sectional questionnaire within the Lifelines Cohort Study","volume":"86","author":"Brands","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12186102","article-title":"Hand eczema in the Polish female population","volume":"12","author":"Polecka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2019.04.005","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hand eczema","volume":"111","author":"Silvestre Salvador","year":"2020","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2025052713002706900_ljaf020-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12275","article-title":"Is skin exposure to water mainly occupational or nonoccupational? 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