{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:48:59Z","timestamp":1785826139577,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the clear therapeutic benefits of neoadjuvant treatment (NT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical trials, the efficacy of NT with ICIs (NT-ICI) and the optimal regimen for patients with resectable metastatic melanoma (RMM) remain to be confirmed in real life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of NT-ICI among patients with RMM in real life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NEOMEL is a French retrospective multicentric cohort study. Dermato-oncologists from the French Groupe de Canc\u00e9rologie Cutan\u00e9e (Cutaneous Cancer Group) included patients treated with NT-ICI for RMM (stage III or IV, American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edn) between July 2016 and April 2024. Patients were treated either with NT anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) monotherapy or with the combination of anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (anti-CTLA-4) plus anti-PD-1 [1\u2005mg kg\u20131 ipilimumab (IPI) and 3\u2005mg kg\u20131 nivolumab (NIVO) or 3\u2005mg kg\u20131 IPI and 1\u2005mg kg\u20131 NIVO]. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. The secondary endpoints were pathological response according to the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium criteria, radiological response, the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including those of \u2265 grade 3 and outcomes with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and event-free survival (EFS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 174 included patients, 149 (86%) underwent surgery. NT-ICI achieved a high pCR rate of 43% [95% confidence interval (CI) 34.9\u201351.3], including 44.7% (95% CI 35.4\u201354.3) with NT-anti-PD-1 and 37.1% (95% CI 21.5\u201355.1) with NT-IPI-NIVO (P = 0.427). The major (complete + near complete) pathological response rate was 53.2%. Radiological responses were observed in 50% of patients, including 12 radiological complete responses, of whom 11 were also pCRs. Severe irAEs occurred more frequently with NT-IPI-NIVO (24.4%) compared with NT-anti-PD-1 (3.1%) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The median RFS was 29.61\u2005months [95% CI 27.70\u2013not reached (NR)] with significantly higher RFS in patients with pCR than no pCR [hazard ratio 0.218 (95% CI 0.082\u20130.583); P = 0.0009]. The median EFS was 35.8\u2005months (95% CI 29\u2013NR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective real-life study, the efficacy of NT-ICI is confirmed in patients with RMM, achieving high pathological response rates. However, dual checkpoint inhibition with IPI-NIVO was associated with a higher risk of severe irAEs. These findings underscore the relevance of NT-ICI for RMM in clinical practice and require further confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T13:58:18Z","timestamp":1752501498000},"page":"244-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with resectable stage III\/IV melanoma: a nationwide real-life study in France (NEOMEL)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9902-5990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charl\u00e9e","family":"Nardin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologie, Universit\u00e9 de Franche-Comt\u00e9, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besan\u00e7on, INSERM , Besan\u00e7on 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